Why I Am Conservative Essay - 726 Words

Liberal is defined as one who is open-minded or not strict in the observance of orthodox, traditional, or established forms or ways. (Websters dictionary) A conservative is defined as one who adheres to traditional methods or views. (Websters dictionary) The definition of these words have changed throughout history. A liberal in older days was not what one would be today; they were considered a person whom sought to use change, while a conservative is one who opposed change. The differences between a liberal and a conservative is a wide gap that focuses upon the fundamental beliefs of those within each group. Pure liberals are people who show themselves as liberal on both economic policy and personal conduct. This means that†¦show more content†¦Another reason why I believe that I am a pure conservative is that I believe in a strong national defense. The government should spend more money on national defense rather then on welfare programs. People can work for themselves and do not need the support of the government to support themselves. If they are able to walk and talk, I believe they are able to work and make enough money to support themselves. If they cannot find a job where they are not able to support a family, then they should not get married and have babies. These people bring that stress upon themselves. Why should the government help if they make the mistakes? I am a member of the United States Army and served on active duty for three years and now still in the reserves. During my service I made an oath to protect and serve my country, If I do not have the necess arily equipment cause there is no money how am I supposed to protect and serve my country. There are a lot of weapons training done in the military, nowadays, the weapons training had to be cut down due to the fact that there were not enough bullets to qualify soldiers. There was no money to purchase training bullets for the military. How is a soldierShow MoreRelatedWhy I Am Liberal Or Conservative?982 Words   |  4 PagesLIBERAL OR CONSERVATIVE Introduction Roadmap This paper will determine and defend whether I am liberal or conservative. I strongly disagree with many of the liberal principles; therefore, this paper will show that I am a conservative. In this thought paper I will compare a few of the issues that I agree with or disagree with from either position. Accordingly, I will cite several websites that I have found as well as define the terms I am choosing between. THESIS I believe that people shouldRead MoreNo Taxing the Cash in McCulloch v. Maryland1732 Words   |  7 PagesMaryland’s government responded with the idea that they tax on ALL branches of banks â€Å"not chartered by the legislature† or not licensed by federal government. This was set to remove the Bank of the United States in the district of Maryland. How this is so I do not know. James McCulloh, a cashier of the Baltimore branch of the Bank of the United States, was asked to pay a $15,000 annual tax imposed by Maryland, and refused. McCulloch was convicted and fined $2,500 by Maryland legislature. Two majorRead MoreGun Control Argument Essay612 Words   |  3 PagesGun Control Argument I would consider myself to be a conservative, although I do share a few liberal beliefs. I am a very firm believer in a free market economy. Where the invisible hand of competition keeps business in check. I believe that this type of business benefits the consumer by keeping prices low and quality high. I also think that some monopolies are beneficial to us. Microsoft for example, has a superior product in which consumers have chosen make it a monopoly. TheRead MoreU.s. Immigration And Border Security1007 Words   |  5 PagesKiana Thiesfeld Professor June Trudel Political Science 102 9 July 2015 U.S. Immigration; Border Security This research will address U.S. immigration, specifically border security. I will evaluate liberal and conservative views on this issue and then present my own ideas. The main view for liberals on border security is to pardon those who enter the U.S. illegally, including undocumented immigrants. This view believes that regardless of a person’s status in the U.S., they should have the same rightsRead MoreA Paper on Political Ideologies1636 Words   |  7 PagesDear Emperor Alvin, How is 2046? I see The Hagios Empire is set up nicely. I love what you have done with the world, I mean who would have thought that Africa could become the most developed continent? Do you remember Ashesi? Well, I am in my first year here and I have to write this paper to you in order to not repeat my Social Theory course. This paper just talks mainly about the political ideology which I think is closest to my own political beliefs. Maybe, yours are now different from mine. AfterRead MoreScience And Politics754 Words   |  4 PagesWhen trying to understand why us humans do the things that we do, we seem to turn to any direction that will give us a glimpse of an answer to our intricateness. Even when it comes to political views and who we vote for there is answers in them that give us a clue to who we are mentally and even genetically. Common belief is that we form our own political opinions as we grow and are somewhat socialized by our surroundings, but generally we form our own id eals. A reporter, Aaron Lewis, gave an exposà ©Read MorePolitical Ideology743 Words   |  3 Pagesand the conservatives have had a huge debate over the centuries about who political philosophy was right. The conservatives seemed to believe that everyone was basically on their own and that theyll have to make up their own choices and have to basically claw their way to the top. Looking more in debt to the political ideology of the liberals i am very shocked at the fact I sided with them because I really didnt know what they really stood for when it came down to certain things. I was alwaysRead MoreConservative And Liberal Ideology On Healthcare Reform1482 Words   |  6 Pages Conservative and Liberal ideology has been an ongoing battle within the United States ever since this country has been established. People who have different views and beliefs on how this country should be ran. I really never got into conservative and liberal battle that goes on in our country. I guess I was too busy saving peoples lives to worry about how this country should be ran. Then I started to think to myself why aren’t you caring and I said, I should start caring about what happens toRead MoreThere Are Four Main Ideological Perspectives In The Political1302 Words   |  6 Pages There are four main ideological perspectives in the political world. For the sakes of this paper I have chosen to focus primarily on two of them: liberalism and conservatism. Before discussing the relevance of these ideologies in real world issues. I believe it is beneficial to first describe what these two ideologies center around. For starters, liberals tend to want more government involvem ent in both social and economic issues. They also believe that the government should help the people directlyRead MoreEvery Generation Is Defined By Something. Baby Boomers1417 Words   |  6 Pagesstudent who may feel compelled to report them. I notice myself being careful to ensure my words aren’t minced and my ideas aren’t misconstrued. Last year when I was driving my neighbors to school when I said I didn’t like Obama’s reluctance to reform social programs, to which one girl shot back at me with â€Å"Do you hate women? And black people?† I immediately felt the need to qualify my own statement, reminding her that my father is visibly black and I am a woman. But now that memory stands out to me

How To Deal Or Handle Stress. People Always Hear That

How to deal or handle stress? People always hear that stress has serious health risks and that it can cause grey hair or even to lose it! Constantly, people feel the strain with balancing everything in life from family work and school to social events and trying to find time to relax. When people take a step back and view the whole situation, many questions regarding stress may be thought up. Do we even understand what stress is? What can it really do to us? What is it? What are the actual health risks? Is there anything good that can come from it? And finally what can be done to cope with stress? First off, what is stress? Stress is â€Å"The state which is seen in response to internal or external stressors. Every system of the body responds†¦show more content†¦When stressed, men release a much smaller amount of oxytocin. With smaller doses of oxytocin being released, it is harder for men to relax and think when stressed, also leading to bottle up emotions. Eventually men just get over it and move passed the situation that stressed them out. Men also tend to avoid things or people that cause them stress or discomfort rather them approaching them, but in other cases when testosterone is high under stressed conditions fighting is a common. (Why men and woman) What diseases can come from stress? Over time, if you stress too much it can start to wear down your body and start to cause serious problems. Most common diseases that are usually associated with stress include: diabetes, asthma, heart disease, headache, depression, worsen of depression, pre-mature death, worsen of Alzheimer’s and high blood pressure. Feeling stressed out can make you feel like you’re not in control and hopeless, but that’s not the case. It’s very important to learn how to cope with your stress so that you can enjoy every day and prevent these health problem in the future (WebMD). Along with diseases, stress can dramatically affect your brain and mental health. When stress is introduced to a situation, our bodies produce hormones that help us survive or conquer the difficult situation. Two of the main hormones produced are adrenaline and cortisol. Adrenaline is used to give the host an extra boost of energy to help youShow MoreRelatedRefl ection On Coping With Stress769 Words   |  4 PagesI have learned that I am not doing so well in coping with stress from life since I have been taking this class. Many different things that I have not paid attention to as warning signs not just to my emotions, but also to my health. First, we have to define what the word adjustment is in physiology to be able to understand how to deal with everyday stressors and situations that arise in our lives. â€Å"Adjustment is the physiological process of adapting, coping with and managing.† (Santrock, 2006. PRead MoreMy Experience At The University Of Buffalo1464 Words   |  6 Pagesto home. Buffalo is becoming a great city for young college students, like myself, to develop a future and become a part of a growing company. My mom always makes the joke that I’m going to be the future CEO of Labatt but she’s not far off from where I want to see myself in 10 years. One strength I have is my people skills and my ability to deal with any type of person. This is a skill I was taught from a very young age by my mother. My mother use to run a little loop concession stand for aroundRead MoreHolden Caulfield : Post Traumatic Stress Disorder1362 Words   |  6 PagesWhen a person hears the phrase, post traumatic stress disorder, most of the time they imagine soldiers returning from war to their families. However, people are not always aware that this disorder occurs in seemingly normal people. In the novel, Catcher in the Rye, Holden Caulfield seems to deal with this disorder. Looking at the surface of the novel, this is unclear. Therefore, this is an inferred trait in the novel. The reader must figure out for themselves that the protagonist retains the disorderRead MoreMy Dad - Original Writing Essay1358 Words   |  6 PagesI hear the creak of the door as he walks out of the house. The crunch, as his boots stepped on the piles of snow, sent a shi ver up my back. As he gets into his off-colored white car, he waves to us as if it is the last time he might get to see us. When he starts to drive away, I hear the click, click, click, as his car zooms away. We go back inside and my mom burst into tears. The tears fall down her face one by one until she manages to calm herself. My dad left. For how long? We had no idea. MyRead More Dealing With Conflict Essay668 Words   |  3 Pages Dealing with Conflict 1.1 amp;#61623; Potential conflict can arise when two parties or people have a disagreement on a particular subject. For example, a person may have said he was going to complete a task which he failed to do which caused conflict with another person or party, or maybe two people who have different ideas on who to accomplish a task may become heated. amp;#61623; Stages of conflict are hard to describe in detail but it usually starts with raised voices to get an opinion acrossRead MoreThe Issue Of Law Enforcement1429 Words   |  6 Pageshundreds of people working in Law enforcement put their lives on the line while on the job. They face challenging problems each day such as rising crime, law enforcement corruption, stress, health problems and being portrayed in a negative way on Social media. It’s not easy doing their job but they do it to the best of their ability despite having diffluent obstacles to deal with. The most well-known issue law enforcement face is the rising number in crime. Almost every day we hear of terribleRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1241 Words   |  5 PagesSiobhan McShea Mrs. Stanley Health April 14, 2014 Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Post traumatic stressed disorder is a mental illness caused by an enormous amount of anxiety felt after a traumatic or life-threatening accident or event. This event causes intense feelings of fear and helplessness. Studies have shown that about 5 to 6 million people suffer from PTSD. (Thomas ) About 30% of those people are war veterans. Most war veterans who have served for our country who have PTSD from the warRead MoreTravel Today : A Travel Agency Serving Customers For Over 25 Years1012 Words   |  5 Pagesoffers than selecting set rates online. Travel Today is the liaison for their client and individualizes their client’s needs according to their specific requests. The service that is provided to customers is stress free. People have busy lives and miss the low traveling rates and deals due to the inability to constantly monitor changing travel rates, where as having a personal agent would guarantee they would not miss the offers and low rates that change by the min ute. The company is implementingRead MorePersonality Components And The Smart Goal System913 Words   |  4 Pagesmost important things I have learned so far are: using emotional intelligence; how to conceptually think; the personality components; and the SMART goal system. Emotional intelligence is the skill of identifying and managing your emotions and the emotions of others (Psychology Today, 2016). There are five components of emotional intelligence, which is key in interviewing. The components are the ability to manage stress; manage emotion; manage communication; manage relationships; and manage conflictRead MoreThe Stigma Of Mental Illness1042 Words   |  5 Pageswe are becoming more aware of the way our words or judgement can hurt others. However, there’s still a lot of stigma around mental illness. This judgement we have towards people with mental illness is what keeps some of them from seeking the help they need. The stigma isn’t just from those without mental illness though. People with mental illness often have their own stigmas as well. We need to come together and show men and women with mental illness that it is nothing to be ashamed of. In fact,

A Sand County Almanac Essay Research Paper free essay sample

A Sand County Almanac Essay, Research Paper A Sand County Almanac Leopold, Aldo Published in 1949 Oxford University Press, Inc. Would I urge A Sand County Almanac to person I know? Depending upon who it was, I would decidedly urge this book. I think I would propose this book for person who enjoys the out-of-doorss. But person who does non appreciate the out-of-doorss, in my sentiment, would non acquire every bit much out of the book. The ground I would urge this book is because I thought it did a splendid occupation depicting the tinniest things and doing them interesting. Who would hold known that reading about chickadees feeding or depicting a bur oak would be interesting to read? The first portion of the book is broken down into months, while the concluding portion truly goes into Leopold # 8217 ; s land moralss. Partss I and II of A Sand County Almanac are recounts of different episodes of Leopold # 8217 ; s life. We will write a custom essay sample on A Sand County Almanac Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is possibly these remembrances that were the inspiration for his land ethic theory. When Leopold is depicting his life on his sand farm in Wisconsin, the reader seems to acquire the sense that even though a bigger and better society is go throughing before his eyes, he tries to travel back to the manner things were. Harmonizing to Leopold, this is where 1 can still happen the being of God. Throughout Part II of the book, Leopold recollects some past state of affairss that have taught him the jobs originating in the universe around us. What precisely is land moralss? Harmonizing to Leopold, # 8220 ; Land moralss expands the boundaries of moralss by including dirts, Waterss, workss, and animate beings, # 8221 ; ( Leopold, page 239 ) . However, a land moral principle can non forestall the change, direction, and the usage of the resources stated above. Basically, Leopold states that land moralss change the function that we worlds play from that of a land-conqueror to that of a citizen and member. In category, we l earned that land moralss imply regard for the environing community. We as worlds are of import, and therefore, have more duty to protect the environment. Leopold # 8217 ; s land pyramid describes the hierarchal kineticss of the biotic community. Based upon what we learned in category, a biotic community is the relationship between dirt and animate beings. It is a amount of all the parts within the community. The pyramid represents beds within the biotic community. The bottom bed is the dirt. A works bed rests upon the dirt bed, an insect bed lies atop the workss, a bird and gnawer bed rests upon the insects. The pyramid works its manner up the assorted carnal groups until it eventually comes to the extremum bed, which consists of the laager carnivorous animate beings. Leopold topographic points worlds in the top bed. There was one thought in peculiar that truly struck me in this book. Though it is simply a narrative in portion II and non a chief point in the book, I found the Hunt for his first duck rather interesting. I could associate to what he was stating. He describes himself as a immature aspiring huntsman hiting his first duck with a single-barrelled scattergun. He waited and waited until a duck eventually flew over and he shot him. The joy of the first putting to death was exultant. I remember when I shot my first pheasant as an aspiring huntsman. I felt a sense of power. Watching the bird easy descend was discontinue a haste, sing I was merely 10 old ages old at the clip. As for another thought that I can associate to, I would hold to state the thought of the land pyramid is something that affects me. This is something that we all depend upon. The beds are dependent upon the other and without the presence of one ; all other beds would non be able to properly map. I think it does a good occupation of demoing the importance each bed has in our environment. Soil is the footing for all life, and that is why it is at the underside of the pyramid.

Silence free essay sample

Silence. A subtle ostinato of coughs begins; whispers fill the concert hall. Some guy breathes as if his trachea is seized in a death grip. Thousands of uncomfortable people shuffle. They’re conscious of every sound: every high-pitched ring in their ears, every low beat of their hearts. Meanwhile, the trumpeters are frozen, their lips silently kissing their mouthpieces. The violinists sit in suspended motion on the stage, as if space and time do not exist. The conductor stands, his baton ready, as still as ever. Those in the audience who know nothing of composer John Cage’s â€Å"433† fail to understand the silent symphony gracing their ears. It is a composition of no notes – only the seemingly insignificant rustlings of the concertgoers make up the score. As a violinist, I originally thought Cage was insane. I have spent years appreciating intricate classical melodies. Who would compose four minutes and 33 seconds of  ­silence? How is that music? When I first heard about the piece, I was annoyed that anyone would waste five minutes that could be devoted to sweet, melodic music. We will write a custom essay sample on Silence or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I was mystified by the piece until I realized that silence is one of the most important aspects of my life. Wordless moments – when the TV is off, when I’m snug in my bed with a book, when everything stops – are when I feel truly at ease. Every care or worry in my day dissolves like Alka-Seltzer hitting water. I’ve discovered that time spent in silence allows me to deconstruct my life and think about simple things. I realized Cage is the master of making something out of nothing. In music, I was always taught that rests are not empty spaces in a piece; they should be played as if they are notes themselves. Rests are not empty moments devoid of thought. They are moments to count, to breathe, to absorb the  ­impact of the phrases just played. Every Thanksgiving, my family starts the feast with a silent prayer – our own real-life rest. Every year we say our thanks then bow our heads. Since my grandfather, the rock of the family and most honorable man I’ve known, passed away nearly three years ago, silence has been the most meaningful language my family can speak. The silent â€Å"conversations† at holidays have taught me much about the strength and stam ­ina of the human condition. As we stand holding hands, crowded in my grandmother’s living room, lighting candles to honor the twinkle Papa always had in his eyes, silence is the perfect tribute for a powerful love lost. It instills more hope in our hearts than any poorly constructed words. As I begin to make the largest transition in my life, I will remember John Cage’s â€Å"433† when life seems too hard, too hectic, or too meaningless. I will sit in my own symbolic concert hall, making symphonies out of my thoughts, learning everything about myself in total silence.

Ielts writing task 2 material free essay sample

Many people say that universities focus only on preparing the graduates for better jobs, others say that university studies can benefit widely the individual and the society in which they live. Discuss these two different views and state your opinion. Writing task 2 (an essay) Working from home benefits only the workers, not the employers. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Writing task 2 (an essay) Do you believe scientific research should be carried out by government or private companies? Give your reasons and examples to justify your opinion. Writing task 2 (an essay) These days, people tend to easily buy new things and throw away the old ones, even though they still can be used. Is this a positive or a negative development? Writing task 2 (an essay) More and more people work today in the large cities. Which problems can it cause? How should the governments encourage people to stay in the small regional towns? Writing task 2 (an essay) We cannot help everyone in the world that needs help. We will write a custom essay sample on Ielts writing task 2 material or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Therefore we should only be concerned with our own communities or countries. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the statement above? Writing task 2 (an essay) Governments spend huge amount of money on arts. Some people feel that this is justified, whereas others feel that this money can be used for public health and education. Give your views and your opinion. Writing task 2 (an essay) International exchange programmes for teenage school students have more advantages than disadvantages. To what extent do you agree? Give examples from your own experience. Writing task 2 (an essay) Influence of advertisements on children: parents object to the pressure, while advertisers say that they also give some useful information in their spots. Discuss both sides and state your opinion Writing task 2 (an essay) Why teenage criminals are on the rise world-wide? What are the causes and possible solutions? Writing task 2 (an essay) Some people think that criminals must be punished for their crimes. There are few other hypotheses that even after being punished for the crimes they still commit crimes in a more vigorous manner. What steps should be taken to stop these crime rates? What do you suggest? Writing task 2 (an essay) How university education is important for employment as well as for other activities? Comment on both sides of views. Some subjects are compulsory at school, for example mathematics and philosophy. Some people think these subjects should be optional. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?† Writing Task 2 (an essay) Industrial activities and the increasing number of consumer goods have resulted in pollution to the natural environment. Why is that so? What can be done to solve the problem? Writing Task 2 (an essay) An increase in the production of consumer goods results in danger for the environment. Why is this the case? How we can avoid it? Writing Task 2 (an essay) Some students prefer to go abroad for work or travel rather than continue studies. Some prefer to do it immediately after school. Which way is better? Discuss, what is your opinion? Writing Task 2 The assignment was to write about the advantages of three different funding methods for education. They were: 1. Education funded by the government, 2. Education funded by the student 3. Education was funded by the student, but they were given a loan by the government, which they have to pay back after finishing their studies Writing task 2 (essay) The task was asking about illiteracy (a great number of people can not read and write today). We had to write about our experiences with this issue and what governments should do about it. Writing Task 2 Young people decide whether they want to go to the university or to travel around the world. However, working prepares them more for a further life as an adult. To what extent do you agree? Writing task 2 (essay) What in your opinion is better, encouraging young people go to university or train to be car mechanics and builders, which are needed by the local community. Writing task 2 (essay) Some people say that news media is becoming more influential today peoples’ lives and it is a negative development. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Writing task 2 (essay) In the past, there were many differences when people traveled to other countries. Nowadays, there were many similarity between cultures all over the world. What are the possible causes in this increasing similarity? Do you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages of this phenomenon? Writing Task 2 (essay) Nowadays a huge amounts of advertisement aimed at children. Some people think that it endangers children and should be banned. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Social Analytics Suite See Whats New Improved In CoSchedule

Social Analytics Suite See Whats New Improved In Proving the ROI of social media†¦ is no small task. You spend countless hours gathering stats from multiple social networks†¦ haphazardly analyzing metrics  in hopes of making â€Å"smartish† decisions†¦ and compiling those findings into reports  your stakeholders *might*  understand.🠤ž It’s clunky. It’s disconnected. And it’s a major time-suck. Let’s change that, shall we? With ’s NEW and improved Social Analytics Suite, getting the metrics that matter FAST and in beautiful, easy-to-understand reports is easier than ever! Refine Your Social Strategy With ’s NEW Improved Social Analytics SuiteHere’s the lowdown NEW Social Engagement Report: The holistic report for all your social activity. Get a bird’s eye view on your entire social performance with better filtering, better design, and more context than ever before. Social Profile Reports: Your secret weapon for PER network performance. No more downloading reports from individual platforms (or multiple third-party tools). Quickly view important social KPIs for Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Instagram, and Pinterest. NEW Social Campaign Reports: The report for pinpointing correlations between two campaigns with side-by-side comparisons. Review similar campaigns or posts to test what’s working (and what isn’t).    Top Content Report: Instantly know what content performs best with your audience on social media. Track and measure social shares and repromote your most popular posts. And finallywith all of these reports,  you can easily  create presentation-ready reports to share with your team and VPs. Provide data-driven feedback to your employees and defend your marketing decisions to your CEO with metrics and analysis people can actually understand (Available on our Pro Enterprise plans). Ready to get access to reports you can actually use? Time to dive into each report! Starting with ’s NEW Social Engagement Report Your boss asks you in passing, â€Å"how are we doing on social media?† Do you have the answer? Or is this more familiar? 👇 Get the answers you need FAST with ’s NEW Social Engagement Report. Our latest updates and improvements to this report give you a bird’s eye view of your entire social performance with better filtering, better design, and more context than ever before. Let’s dig into the upgrades. Check out the Engagement Rollup  for a high-level overview of your social performance in one place. The best part you have access to baseline metrics! You’ll get current performance metrics PLUS lifetime averages and last period averages, so you can determine if things are improving or falling off track based on past performance. Want a quick health check of your social promotion? Review your Engagement Growth. This chart breaks down the # of messages you send and how they correlate with the # of engagements throughout your set date range. Are things flatlining? Or are you seeing a steady increase in engagement? Review the graph for answers. Next up learn how your audience engages with your posts AND identify your top social network with Engagements by Interaction. Prioritize which social channels you should invest time and energy into, and which ones you can pull back on. But as you know†¦ Not every post is created equal. Your engagement metrics will vary based on a lot of different factors audience interest, content topic, voice, etc. Which is where New Report Filters  come to the rescue. With improved filtering options, you can run custom reports that segment data by Color Labels, Content Type, Social Profile, and/or Tags. Interested in seeing how your product marketing posts are performing? Select the color label that groups your product marketing projects and posts together on your calendar and ta-da! You have an engagement report that is designed to help your product marketing team improve their social promotion. Best of all you can save any reports youll want to run (and share) again. So create custom reports for each department head or build a report for a specific product line. Giving you all the tools to access valuable, custom social reports in seconds. Heres how to build custom social media reports with @.Social Profile Reports Tired of downloading reports from individual social platforms and spending countless hours formatting them into something you can actually make sense of? With Social Profile Reports, you can access performance data for Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Instagram, and Pinterest in just one click. These reports are designed to give you an active pulse on how each individual social profile is performing. Are you posting too often? Too little? Review your posting frequency. Look for imbalances in posting frequency to reveal any opportunities to post more often (or move content to fill in gaps on your calendar). Next, uncover the Best Day to Post,   Best Time to Post, and Best Message Type to Post on each individual profile. Your audiences’ preferences and behaviors vary by profile. Make sure to use this data to optimize your social messages for your most engaged followers on Facebook, LinkedIn, Pinterest, Instagram, and Twitter. BONUS: This info will come in handy when you’re building out new social media campaigns. Which leads us to Social Campaign Reports The newest report in ’s Analytics Suite   Social Campaign Reports. Now you can create social media reports for specific projects or pieces of content on your calendar. So when your boss asks for a report on how the latest employee recruitment blog post performed on social media, you can deliver. But the feature that sets this report apart from the rest of ’s Analytics Reports is the comparison report. Now you can compare two projects or pieces of content side-by-side. Making it simple to pinpoint correlations between two campaigns to test what’s working (and what isn’t). Review last year’s fundraising campaign against this year’s event.   Look for similarities and differences to improve your social promotion. Did video posts outperform link posts for the second year in a row? Plan to create more videos for next year’s event. Run campaign reports to unite data and measure the success of your latest event promotion, product launch, or other campaigns on social media. Top Content Report Which leads us to our final report the Top Content Report. Inside this report, you can see your most popular content shared across social media. Instantly identify which blog posts and other content links resonate most with your audience based on how many shares they receive on Facebook, LinkedIn, Pinterest, and Google+. So it’s super simple to re-share your best projects again to maximize their impact.

Photosynthesis,Chromosomes,DNA Structure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Photosynthesis,Chromosomes,DNA Structure - Essay Example Photosynthesis, Chromosomes, and DNA Structure: Photosynthesis is a process that primarily occurs in plants. As Postman (2010, p.200) describes, in this process, green plants make use of light energy and forms organic compounds. The solar energy is stored in the chrolophyll present in the chloroplasts of plants. Atmospheric carbon dioxide and water are combined with the stored energy from light resulting in formation of glucose. In the process, oxygen is released into the air. Although the process primarily occurs in plants, however there are certain other organisms and bacteria also that perform this function. Cummings in his studies discussed about the understanding of the structures of DNA and chromosomes, and the organization of DNA in chromosomes. Chromosomes were discovered as the components of a cell that carried genes. Studies were conducted to identify the nature of the genes that are carried by the chromosomes as well as the nucleus of the cell. Several studies over the yea rs identified and recognized that as far as bacteria are concerned, DNA proves to be the genetic material. The chemistry of DNA reflects that nucleotides are the subunits that form the nucleic acids, DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). A base, a sugar and a group of phosphate comprise the structure of each nucleotide. Adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine are four base components of DNA. The sugar that is contained in the DNA is known as deoxyribose. Polynucleotides may be formed through linkages of nucleotides resulting in formation of chains. There are two such polynucleotide chains in DNA (Cummings, 2010, p.193). The two polynucleotide chains in DNA are placed in opposite direction. These chains are held with the help of hydrogen bonds located between corresponding bases in the converse strands. A right handed helix is formed as the two strands wind around each other. DNA goes through the process of replication where the strands of DNA are separated through proteins. The base sequence in the template strand is read by DNA polymerase while nucleotides are inserted in the complementary strands. As far as the organization of DNA in chromosomes is concerned, studies reveal that DNA is coiled around groups of histones resulting in formation of nucleosomes. Fibers are often formed as the nucleosomes gets supercoiled widening at right angles to the chromosomal axes. It has been obtained that the chromosomal structures are dynamic in nature such that it allows the uncoiling and recoiling in the different stages of cell cycle (Cummings, 2010, p.193). DNA is the hereditary material mostly in human beings and in other organisms. DNA has the ability to replicate and it can lead to formations of RNAs or proteins (Cells and DNA, 2012). Photosynthesis on the other hand is primarily a phenomenon associated with green plants. It is through the process of photosynthesis that green plants are capable of growing their roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fru its. It is due to this particular phenomenon that plants are considered as the producers and hence they are the basic food materials for every food chain and for every other living organism. While the functions of DNA and chromosomes are internal to a human body or body of an organism, the process of photosynthesis is also beneficial towards nature, ecology and the environment. It is because through

Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 23

Reflection - Essay Example The development of the sporting activity was promoted by the technological advancement after the world war two, it was further supported by the car industry involvement in the sporting activity like Ford. From the video, it is relatively clear that the sporting activity was promoted by the increased interest of the teenagers in Southern California from the year 1937. These were further promoted by the development of the southern California timing association that was involved in organizing events. Young people in schools were crazy with the sporting activities with each student wanting to own a car. Those who had cars spent most of their time in the garage to ensure that they had working cars that can be used for car racing. The parents and the authorities could not be able to stop the behaviour that was getting rampant among youths in South California. It can be said, with relative conviction that the current view of the sporting activity is different from what people thought of it in the past. The drag racing had gained a bad reputation among parents, police and media. This was due to the fact there were a number of accidents that were involved at that time. The fatal one was when Bruce, Nick and Dennis lost their lives while racing in Los Angeles. Further the activity was not a sport, hence did not get that attention of a sporting activity. The racing activity attracted people who were there just there for fun. For instance, at this time, there was no timing of the events, there were no prices given to the winners and entrance fee. People participated just to win and have fun. Thus, I think that that was the reason as to why there was a poor reputation of the sporting adding to the fact that there were a number of road accidents associated with it. The period post-World War II, gave rise to more sophisticated cars that were developed from the then technological advancement. Most vehicle producing companies had invested in

Has the No Child Left Behind Act Severely Impacted Special Needs Research Paper

Has the No Child Left Behind Act Severely Impacted Special Needs Students by Expecting them to do Things That Normal Kids - Research Paper Example Introduction. The No Child Left Behind Program enhances the education of the special needs students. The research centers on the effect of the No Child Left Behind Program on the special needs learners. The research focuses on the test taking environment of the special needs test takers. The No Child Left Behind Act had not severely impacted special needs students by expecting them to do things that â€Å"Normal† Kids do. Related Literature. The No Child Left Behind Program states that the progress of all special education students should be monitored (PBS, 2008). Likewise, the program states the scores of the special Needs students will be included in getting the average scores of the students within a stat by 2014. Specifically, 95 percent of the learning disabled students’ scores in the English and Math subjects will in included in the overall state’s student tests’ statistical results. To level the playing field in the area of test taking, some leeway is legally given to the disabled learners. One such leeway, giving the disabled students tests incorporating large print questionnaires. Next, the special needs test takers are given more time to take the tests. Third, the special needs students allowed to take the tests in small groups, compared to the normal test groups. Fourth, the special needs students can be allowed to take the tests on a one on one basis. Fifth, some of the test watchers or teachers are allowed to aid the students on how to fill up the answer sheets. Sixth, the blind students are allowed to take the tests using the Braille method. Seventh, some special needs students are allowed to use sign language and other communication help to finish the tests. Eight, some of the special needs students are allowed to use computers to finish the tests. Lastly, many of the special needs students are allowed to use bilingual test booklets to solve math problems (English and Spanish version or English and another language ver sion). Further, the No Child Left Behind Program requires all schools that fail the state’s Adequate Yearly Progress goals in math and reading are classified as â€Å"in need of improvement†. Consequently, the school is required to put into place an educational program to improve the school’s ratings in the next Adequate Yearly Progress results in the areas of reading and mathematics. On the other hand, Alice Hammel (2011) insists the No Child Left Behind Act has severely impacted on the schools for the failure of the Special Needs Students by expecting them to do things that normal kids do, not the special needs children. The schools will receive complaints if the rights of the special needs children are not addressed. For example, students with emotional needs must be educated and tested in a special way, different from the normal learning kids. The students with behavioral needs, including ADHD students, should be taught in a special way to ensure the student will not be bored and reduce interest in the subject. In addition, the special needs children’s learning environment includes parental intervention. The procedural due process includes giving leeway to students with special learning needs to cope with the learning levels of the normal

History and Overview of the University of Cambridge

History and Overview of the University of Cambridge Introduction to the University of Cambridge The University of Cambridge is located in the city of Cambridge in East Anglia, UK. It is thought that the University was founded 1209 by a group of scholars which splintered away from Oxford following a fallout with Oxford locals. Cambridge University describes itself on its website as a ‘self-governed community of scholars’. The University of Cambridge is made up of 31 Colleges and a total exceeding 150 faculties, departments, schools and various other institutions. The University of Cambridge runs with a fairly small central administrative department, with sections built up of and mostly elected by staff from the Colleges and Faculties. Much of the daily administration of the University of Cambridge is taken care of by teaching and/or lecturing staff. The University of Cambridge describes its governmental structure as democratic. History of the University of Cambridge In its early days the University of Cambridge did not have its own premises and so it made use of parish churches such as Great St Mary’s and St Benedict’s to hosts its public ceremonies. Disputations, lodgings and lectures were held in private houses. Eventually a collective of Lawyers, theologians and Regent Masters began hiring and building larger premises in order to hold lectures and to house lodgers. Many of these properties were acquired in the sixteenth century as part of the Colleges themselves. During the late 1500s, the University of Cambridge began to buy up land in an area known as Senate-House Hill, upon which they built several buildings known as Schools. These are today referred to as the Old Schools. The first College was St Peter’s. It was founded by the Bishop of Ely, Hugh Balsam, in 1284. In 1317 King’s Hall was founded by Edward the second in order to school trainees for the higher Civil Service. Over the next hundred years, the University of Cambridge’s best-known colleges were founded; Clare, Corpus Christi, Gonville Hall, King’s, Michaelhouse, Pembroke, Queens, Trinity Hall and St Catharine’s. Three of the newer colleges, Christ’s, Jesus and St John’s, were formed when some of the smaller religious houses were dissolved. They were set up to provide for younger students in addition to postgradutates. At the beginning of the sixteenth century, the Colleges nominated the Proctors from amongst their own numbers, and their heads sat alongside the Vice-Chancellor and senior doctors on an advisory council, which came to be named the Caput Senatus. How the University of Cambridge works Research and teaching at the University of Cambridge is administered by several Faculties, and also a few Syndicates. Together, the Syndicates and the Faculties are responsible for every academic area within the University. Teaching and research in Cambridge is organised by a number of Faculties. In addition, a small number of bodies entitled Syndicates also have responsibilities for teaching and research, and exercise powers similar in effect to those of Faculty Boards. The Faculties and Syndicates cover the whole of the academic programme in the University, each being responsible for a broad subject area. There are six Schools in the University of Cambridge, each covering a range of departments and faculties. The six schools each reflect a grouping of subjects, which are as follows; Arts and Humanities, Biological Sciences, Clinical Medicine, Humanities and Social Sciences, Physical Sciences, and Technology. Every Faculty within the University of Cambridge is governed by a Faculty Board. The Faculty Boards carry responsibility for the upholding of standards in teaching, and the provision of research facilities. Each Faculty Board comprises five classes of membership: Professors and Heads of Departments residing within the Faculty, elected members (the teaching staff), junior members who are elected by the faculty’s students, co-opted members and representatives of cognate studies. Each Faculty’s Chairman and Secretary is elected by members of the boards. The Faculty Board, as well as other boards and syndicates answer to the General Board; other Boards and Syndicates are responsible either to the General Board or the Council. Three of the University of Cambridge’s 31 colleges Murray Edwards, Newnham and Lucy Cavendish are female-only; the remainder, the other 28 Colleges, are mixed. There are two colleges only for postgraduates, Clare Hall and Darwin. Hughes Hall, Lucy Cavendish, St Edmund’s and Wolfson. The remaining 25 Colleges admit both graduates and postgraduates. Oxford and Cambridge The University of Cambridge is the second oldest university in the English-speaking world. The oldest is the University of Oxford. Traditionally the two universities have a long-standing rivalry with each other. Jointly, the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge are often referred to as Oxbridge. Famous Alumni The University of Cambridge has been the place of study for many people who have become well-known in their particular fields, or simply well-known to the public. To date, Cambridge graduates have won a total of 82 Nobel Prizes, which is greater than any other university. Fifteen of Britain’s Prime Ministers have been graduates of Cambridge, including Robert Walpole. The University of Cambridge has also traditionally been the preferred University for the Royal Family, with graduates including Kings Edward VII and George VI, Prince Henry of Gloucester, Prince William of Gloucester and Edinburgh, and the Prince of Wales Prince Charles. His father, the Duke of Edinburgh Prince Philip, holds the position of Chancellor of the University of Cambridge. Famous Alumni include those known from television comedy programmes; Hugh Laurie (Jeeves and Wooster, Blackadder), Rob Newman (Newman and Baddiel, the Mary Whitehouse experience) and Clive Anderson (Whose Line is it Anyway) all attended Selwyn College. Sacha Baron Cohen, best known for his characters Borat and Ali G, attended Christ’s College. John Cleese of Monty Python fame attended Downing College. Peter Cook and Eric Idle (Monty Python) graduated from Pembroke, and Stephen Fry (Jeeves and Wooster, Blackadded) from Queen’s. There is a rich literary tradition amongst University of Cambridge graduates; William Wordsworth to Ted Hughes, Slyvia Plath to CS Lewis to John Milton were all graduates of the University of Cambridge. The full list is exhaustive, covering seminal figures in religion, politics, and science – including some of the greatest minds of past and modern times; Charles Darwin, amd Stephen Hawking.

Gabriela Mistral :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gabriela Mistral was an extraordinary woman. Her life was filled with tragedy but she turned her experiences into beautiful poetry. Her poetry reflected many things about who Gabriela Mistral was and what had happened to her throughout her life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Gabriela Mistral was born on April 7, 1889 in Vicuà ±a, Chile. When she was only three years old, her father abandoned her family. She attended a rural primary school and the Vicuà ±a state secondary school. By the age of sixteen, she started to support herself and her mother by working as a teachers aide. Gabriela Mistral is only a pen name for Lucila Godoy Alcayaga. She took the name from her two favorite poets: Gabriele D’Annunzio and Frà ©dà ©ric Mistral. She was the first Latin American to receive the Nobel Prize for literature (1945). After the suicide of her lover, Romelio Ureta, she lived a life of self-described desolation. Although she wanted it, she never experienced motherhood. She did adopt a child but it later died. She taught at Colombia University, and Vassar College. In 1930, she was a visiting professor at Barnard College in New York City. She also became the principal of Santiago High School. Her first text was la Voz de Elqui and Diario Radical de Coqui mbo in 1905. Her second work was called Desolacià ³n. Soon after she accepted her post at Santiago, she was invited to work in Mexico on a plan to reform the libraries and the schools. She lived primarily in France and Italy during 1925 to 1934. She also worked for the League for Intellectual Co-operation of the League of Nations between 1922 and 1938. She was the honorary consult for Brazil, Spain, Portugal and the U.S. In 1933 she entered the Chilean Foreign Service and was appointed by the government of Chile as a sort of ambassador-at-large for the Latin American Culture. During World War two, she became friends with Stefan Zweig and his wife. Later they committed suicide in Rio de Janeiro. Also her nephew, Juan Miguel killed himself. Because of poor health, she was forced to retire to her home in New York. She died on January 10, 1957, at the age of sixty-seven. She died of cancer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Like most people, Gabriela Mistral wrote poems about her life experiences or what she holds to be true. In her poem â€Å"Dolor†, which is from the Desolacià ³n collection, she expresses her feelings on the death of her lover.

Research on the Change of Minimum Wage in Ontario

ABSTRACT The purpose of this research paper is to analyze the minimum wage in Ontario based on the current minimum wage is $10. 25 in Ontario. The minimum wage mainly happens to the unemployed women and the young. The research on the minimum wage can permit people to contribute to the discussion about the ongoing minimum wage policies in Ontario and the relevant impacts of raising the minimum wage in this province. This research paper will be divided into three parts. Firstly, this research paper will represent the introduction to the writing significance.Secondly, this paper will analyze the change of minimum wage in Ontario, which also be divided into third sub-parts. In the first place, this paper will introduce the theoretical framework. In the second place, this paper will introduce the general situation on the change of minimum wage in Ontario. Next, this paper will analyze the importance of minimum wage in the labor markets. And a conclusion will be made in the end. Research o n the Minimum Wage in Ontario 1. IntroductionThe minimum wage is generally considered as a controversial policy tool[1]. The minimum wage is one of potentially useful tool for redistribution of social wealth because it can increase the wages of low skilled workers[2]. However, other factors of production may become the expense for the increase of low skilled workers’ wage, such as the wages of higher skilled workers and capital. Therefore, it is essential to analyze how the minimum wage becomes $10. 25 today and the impacts of the change of it.The purpose of this research paper is to analyze the minimum wage in Ontario, which can provide a chance for people to contribute to the discussion about the ongoing minimum wage policies in Ontario and the relevant impacts of raising the minimum wage in this province. Meanwhile, the change of minimum wage in Ontario can be influenced by some factors. 2. The Analyses of the Change of Minimum Wage in Ontario In labor economics, the minim um wage is often analyzed in a competitive labor market model and a model in which the employers are granted with some degree of monopsony power. 1. The Theoretical Framework on Minimum WageThe competitive labor market model involves the demand side and supply side. The demand side refers to the demand of labors of all the firms in the market. The supply side can illustrate that firms in the market have to pay higher wages to attract and retain workers. In the graph of competitive labor market model, there are the market supply curve and the demand curve, and these two curves have a cross point, which can be considered as the equilibrium wage rate. When a minimum wage is introduced in a competitive labor market, the reduction of employment will rely on the steepness of the labor demand curve.Meanwhile, the decrease in employment will lead to the increase in the wage rate in the competitive labor market[3]. 2. The General Situation on the Change of Minimum Wage in Ontario In 1991, th e then current level of minimum wage in Ontario was $5. 40 per hour[4] and the relevant authorities and governments in Ontario proposed that the minimum wage in Ontario should be raised to â€Å"a level of 60 percent of the average Ontario wage by 1995†, which made Ontario become the province with the highest minimum wage level in Canada[5].However, during the period from 1995 to 2002, due to conservatives in office in Ontario, the minimum wage did not increase[6]. Theoretically, all the people in Ontario may suffer minimum wage. However, in practice, most of people suffering minimum wage are low skilled individuals holding low-paying jobs[7], including students, liquor servers, homeworkers, etc. What’s worse, in Ontario, the minimum wages of students’ liquor servers and homeworkers are less than general minimum wage. For example, the minimum wage of liquor servers is about $1. 00 per hour less than general minimum wage.Over the past two decade years, some signi ficant changes of minimum wage have happened to Ontario. Firstly, the liberal government raised the minimum wage from $6. 85 per hour in 2003 to $8. 00 per hour in 2007. Meanwhile, the Ontario Employment Standards Acts became effective in March, 2010, which regulates that the general minimum wage in Ontario is $ 10. 25 per hour. Nominally, the minimum wage increased by 50% from 1995 to 2010, but due to the increase of the price level and appreciation of dollar, the real value of the minimum wage just raised by 10% during this period. According toReid, the nominal minimum wage between 2007 and 2010 increased 28% from $8. 00 to $10. 25, however, due to the increase of price level, the real minimum wage increased by 23% during this period. As a result, from the above analysis, it is reasonable to gain the conclusion that the nominal minimum wage in Ontario increased to larger extent, however, the real increase of minimum wage in Ontario was not significant. 3. The Impacts of the Change of Minimum Wage in Ontario This part will analyze the employment effects and the distributional effects of the change of the minimum wage in Ontario analyzed in the prior part.There are some discussions on the employment effects of minimum wage. Some people hold the opinions that minimum wage has a negative impact on employment, but other people think that there is little impact on employment impact. According to this paper, there is indeed a negative impact of the increase of minimum wage on the employment. Canadian evidence can prove that a 10% increase in the minimum wage probably lead to the reduction of the employment of students by 3%-6%[8]. On the contrary, the effects on the young adults are slight.Since the Ontario is the province with the highest minimum wage in Canada, the adverse employment effects have been exacerbated. What’s worse, the unemployment rate has risen due to the increase of minimum wage in Ontario[9]. Moreover, the relationship between minimum wage s and poverty is too vague. For example, the people suffering minimum wage are always very poor and due to the minimum wage, the wealthy gap between the poor and the rich become larger and larger. However, due to the increase of minimum wage, some of social wealth has been transformed to the poor to realize the redistribution of social wealth[10]. . Comparability to other province Minimum wages are diverse among different province in Canada. British Columbia’s minimum wage is $10. 25 that is the same as Ontario’s and Alberta is $9. 75 that is lower than Ontario’s[11]. The unemployment rate of Ontatio is 7. 8 , British Columbia’s is 6. 7 and Alberta’s is 4. 6. [12] This evidence might lead to that lower minimum wage plays a role in the low unemployment rate in Alberta. But since the minimum wage in Ontario is the same as British Columbia’s, the unemployment is different though. The effect of minimum wage on uneployment is ambuglous. . Conclus ion In conclusion, lower-skilled people in Ontario, including the students, homeworkers and liquor servers, are suffering minimum wage and even, their minimum wage level is less than general minimum wage level. Since 1990s, there have been some continuous and significant nominal changes happening to minimum wage in Ontario. However, in fact, due to the increase of price level and appreciation of dollar, the increase of minimum wage in Ontario is not significant. Meanwhile, the changes of minimum wage have some effects on employment and redistribution of social wealth.Although the increase of minimum wage in Ontario may increase unemployment rate, it can realize the redistribution of social wealth to narrow the wealthy gap between the rich and the poor. Bibliography Cousineau Jean-Michel, Tessier David and Vaillancourt. 1992. The Impact of the Ontarian Minimum Wage on the Unemployment of Women and The Young in Ontario. Industrial Relations: 47(3), 559-566. Gunderson, Morley. 2007, Mi nimum Wages: Issues And Options for Ontario. Ontario: Ontario Ministry of Finance. [cited on Feb. 28th, 2013]. Available from World Wide Web:< http://keqianxu. okee. com/1306641. html>. Lee David, and Saez Emmanuel. 2008. Optimal Minimum Wage Policy in Competitive Labor Markets. NBER Working Series of National Bureau of Economic Research. No. 14320. Reid Frank. 2012. Monopsony in the Labour Market and Minimum Wages. Department of Economics and Centre for Industrial Relations& Human Resources. Shannon Michael, and Beach Charles. 1995. Distributional Employment Effects of Ontario Minimum-Wage Proposals: A Microdata Approach. Canadian Public Policy: 21 (3), 284-303. Susan Munroe. 2013. Minimum Wage in  Canada.Available from About. com: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey. 2013. Annual Average Unemployment Rate Canada and Province. Available from Government of Newfoundland and Labrador website: . ———————– [1] Lee David, and Sa ez Emmanuel. 2008. Optimal Minimum Wage Policy in Competitive Labor Markets. NBER Working Series of National Bureau of Economic Research. No. 14320 [2] Lee David, and Saez Emmanuel. 2008. Optimal Minimum Wage Policy in Competitive Labor Markets. NBER Working Series of National Bureau of Economic Research. No. 14320. [3] Reid Frank. 2012.Monopsony in the Labour Market and Minimum Wages. Department of Economics and Centre for Industrial Relations& Human Resources. [4] Cousineau Jean-Michel, Tessier David and Vaillancourt. 1992. The Impact of the Ontarian Minimum Wage on the Unemployment of Women and The Young in Ontario. Industrial Relations: 47(3), 559-566. [5] Shannon Michael, and Beach Charles. 1995. Distributional Employment Effects of Ontario Minimum-Wage Proposals: A Microdata Approach. Canadian Public Policy: 21 (3), 284-303. [6] Reid Frank. 2012. Monopsony in the Labour Market and Minimum Wages.Department of Economics and Centre for Industrial Relations& Human Resources. [7] C ousineau Jean-Michel, Tessier David and Vaillancourt. 1992. The Impact of the Ontarian Minimum Wage on the Unemployment of Women and The Young in Ontario. Industrial Relations: 47(3), 559-566. [8] Gunderson, Morley. 2007, Minimum Wages: Issues And Options for Ontario. Ontario: Ontario Ministry of Finance. [cited on Feb. 28th, 2013]. Available from World Wide Web:< http://keqianxu. bokee. com/1306641. html>. [9] Gunderson, Morley. 2007, Minimum Wages: Issues And Options for Ontario.Ontario: Ontario Ministry of Finance. [cited on Feb. 28th, 2013]. Available from World Wide Web:< http://keqianxu. bokee. com/1306641. html>. [10] Lee David, and Saez Emmanuel. 2008. Optimal Minimum Wage Policy in Competitive Labor Markets. NBER Working Series of National Bureau of Economic Research. No. 14320. [11]Susan Munroe. 2013. Minimum Wage in Canada. Available from About. com: [12] Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey. 2013. Annual Average Unemployment Rate Canada and Province. Available from Gov ernment of Newfoundland and Labrador website: .

Personnally on Genetic Engineering essays

Personnally on Genetic Engineering essays On the issue of Genetic Engineering, I personally fall in between, I am neither for nor against that issue thus, I could make an argument for both sides. I totally support advancement, particularly when it involves science and technology, etc. But in any situation, where one must take a position, one side often times outweighs the other. As is the case in this situation and since I must choose a side, I will argue against the issue of Genetic modification of foods. I have three questions to support my argument. I begin with religion, is biotechnology so advanced that it now has the right to play God? The second question is who really benefits from this entire process; after all, just recently it was discussed on CNN how a country in South America is experiencing devastating famine, how is that possible when we are able to reproduce foods in a laboratory? And my final question is how much say so do we as consumers have on this issue? Genetically modified foods arent labeled, shouldnt we know what we are eating and where it originates. I dont know about anyone else but that is important to me. Those three issues are very important to everyone who shops for him/herself at a local grocery store or supermarket. My very strict religious background does not allow me to side with the unnatural disruption of nature. I refer to the cross breeding or mixing genes. To say that nature has a mind of its own almost sound moronic but in a way, nature does have a mind if its own, after all, man did not create bananas or tomatoes in a lab, those were created by nature as they were obviously intended to be. And mixing or modifying any of the natural process by which these things were made is not natural and is very possibly dangerous. Things such as allergic reactions, long term effects of these modifications are not tested on a regular basis. In history, there are many cases that prove that scientists must draw the ...

Endangered Species Issue in the United States

Endangered Species Issue in the United States In the past, widespread federal and private poisoning almost led to the extinction of the gray wolf in the United States (Goodall Hudson, 2009).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Endangered Species Issue in the United States specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More After it was listed among the endangered species in northern America, the government and animal conservationist spent millions of dollars in ensuring that this endangered species regained its initial population size. The North America’s gray wolves have played a vital role in the ecosystem (Goodall Hudson, 2009). With the extinction of these carnivores in the North American habitats, trophic cascades in the ecosystem will undergo considerable changes (Cain, 2008). The alteration of trophic cascades affects the diversity and functioning of plants’ population. Due to the increase in ungulates’ population, plants’ biomass will reduce and a ffect soil and water availability. Normally, plants’ roots hold the soil together and prevent soil erosion. With their destruction, soil erosion will be unavoidable. Correspondingly, the alteration of the soil composition through soil erosion results in the modification of biotic and a-biotic resources causing changes in habitats (Cain, 2008). The presence of wolves in an ecosystem controls the distribution, conduct and foraging manner of the existing ungulates. In a research conducted in Yellow Stone National Park, the reintroduction of gray wolves resulted in behavioral change of most ungulates (Reiter, 2003). The research established that most ungulates reduce the time they spend browsing woody vegetation upon the introduction of wolves in the national park. In this regard, the woody vegetation increased. Conversely, with the extinction of the gray wolves in the ecosystem, ungulates will have ample time to browse the woody vegetation. This will lead to a decline in their n umber and may eventually become extinct. Likewise, the presence of wolves in a particular ecosystem can determine the behavior of scavengers. With the wolves’ extinction, the population of scavengers will decline as those unwilling to adapt and hunt on their own will starve and die (Swinburne Brandenburg, 1999).Advertising Looking for essay on ecology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The existence of wolves in an ecosystem helps to eliminate the weak, diseased, injured and less fitting prey. In this regard, wolves ensure the sustenance of future generations of most ungulates through the passage of desired genes from the healthy and environmentally fitting preys (Reiter, 2003). Thus, the extinction of wolves in our ecosystem will results in an increase in the ungulates population comprising of unhealthy and undesired preys. With the presence of unhealthy members of the prey, disease threats will compromise the future population (Reiter, 2003). Wolves’ population determines an ecosystem’s mechanism, process and structures. Commonly, wolves influence the profusion of ungulates in an ecosystem (Mech, 1970). In this regard, plants’ composition and population is indirectly affected. With more wolves in an ecosystem, the number of ungulates will reduce. This will lead to an increase in the plants’ biomass and diversity. Conversely, the extinction of the wolves’ population will result in an increase in the ungulates population resulting in the reduction and maybe extinction of some of the plant biomass and diversity (Mech, 1970). Similarly, the extinction of gray wolves will result in an increase in the number of their competitors. These include the brown and black bears. The brown bears population will increase due to the sufficient presence of prey with the extinction of the grey wolves. In addition, the black bears population will ultimately increase althou gh the two species rarely compete over the same prey. Since gray wolves usually kill black bears’ cubs, their extinction means that the black bears population will increase. References Cain, M. L. (2008). Ecology. Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Associates.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Endangered Species Issue in the United States specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Goodall, J., Maynard, T., Hudson, G. E. (2009). Hope for animals and their world: how endangered species are being rescued from the brink. New York: Grand Central Pub.. Mech, L. D. (1970). The wolf: the ecology and behavior of an endangered species, ([1st ed.). Garden City, N.Y.: Published for the American Museum of Natural History by the Natural History Press. Reiter, C. (2003). The gray wolf. Berkeley Heights, NJ: MyReportLinks.com Books. Swinburne, S. R., Brandenburg, J. (1999). Once a wolf: how wildlife biologists fought to bring back the gray wo lf. Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin.

4 QUESTIONS Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

4 QUESTIONS - Assignment Example A patent plays a major role in terms of preventing other individuals from selling a given product for a given period. In this case, it is true that patents insulate inventors from rivalry, enabling them to charge higher prices and realize considerable economic profits. In the case of the pharmaceutical company, its revenues and profits will drop considerably once it loses patent protection. Without patent protection, it will be possible for other firms in the marketplace to introduce a similar product in the market, which will rival with the one of the pharmaceutical company. In this case, the company will start realizing reduced economic profits and eventually start counting losses. (Alden, 2014) To mitigate from this situation, it is appropriate for the pharmaceutical company to understand that loss of patents leads to generic competition, which influences future performance of the company. As such, one of the major ways in which the company can mitigate the losses incurred is by remaining dedicated to research and development (R&D) to help it introduce other patents that will raise its competitiveness, productivity, and profitability in the marketplace (Alden, 2014). Price elasticity of demand refers to an economics measure that is used in showing the responsiveness of demand to changes in prices of goods and services when other factors are held constant. It reflects a percentage change in the overall quantity demanded based on a one percent price change holding other factors constant. For the restaurant situated close to the college, the price elasticity of demand for local residents is lower compared to that of college students who are in session for about nine months every year. In this case, for the firm to raise its revenue, it needs to devise pricing strategies, which will help it raise revenues regardless of whether the price elasticity of demand for college students is higher (This Matter, 2015). In this case, it is

Law of the Costitution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Law of the Costitution - Essay Example ental principles of Britain’s unwritten Constitution, and the role of judges within the context of those principles by stating that the indivisibility of Parliamentary power requires that all exercise of Governmental power must be authorized by Parliament, since it is the source of all valid authority.1 As a result, the British power of judicial review by the Courts would not include the power to invalidate Acts of Parliament, rather the Courts may only use their powers to constrain any abuse of powers by the other arms of Government, such as the legislative and executive branches2. This political and legal view is based upon the absolute and indivisible sovereignty of the British Parliament3. As stated by Dicey: (a) â€Å"Parliament has the right to make or unmake any law whatever†4 and (b) no person or body may be recognized as having the legal authority to set aside or invalidate the acts of Parliament, except Parliament itself.5 Thus, the indivisibility of Parliamentary power sets it out as the source of all valid authority.6 As a result, the British power of judicial review would not include the power to invalidate Acts of Parliament, rather the Courts may only use their powers to constrain any abuse of powers by the other arms of Government.7 Jennings has opposed Dicey’s theory by arguing for limiting of Parliamentary power by the manner and form of the process of procedural entrapment8. A piece of legislation would be deeply entrenced if amendment requires unanimous support within the Houses of Parliament. Jennings defines legal sovereignty by specifying that Parliament has power to make laws for the time being, but not to bind future Parliament. The power of Parliament to make laws is also subject to the rule of recognition that is to be recognized by the Courts, â€Å"including a rule which alters this law itself.†9 Hence law making will be conditioned by the rule of recognition, which should limit the powers of Parliament to bind successors in an era

Analyze the def-14a by JPMorgan of advanced corporate finance Term Paper

Analyze the def-14a by JPMorgan of advanced corporate finance - Term Paper Example Michael A Neal has had quite an experience too (JPMorgan Chase & Co.). He has had quite an extensive experience in management of large complex businesses within regulated industries around the world. As a vice chair person of the general electric company, he oversaw financial services as well as products provision to customers and organizations of different sizes in south America, north America, Australia, Asia and Europe. He has experience strategic planning, risk management as well as operations (JPMorgan Chase & Co.). The basic responsibility of aiding the board in overseeing in respect to legal risks, operating risks, as well as compliance tests does rest with the company’s audit committee. Every board committee does oversee issues of reputation risk within its responsibility scope. The way guidelines on membership in the director’s risk policy committee show that the committee is very independent and members are well vetted before they are given their posts. The firm has a chief risk management officer who does report to the company’s CEO and is accountable to the company’s board. The chief risk officer is well vetted before appointment and the proposed priorities, staffing plans as well as budget are reviewed annually. The firm’s fiduciary risks are the responsibility of director’s risk policy committee (JPMorgan Chase & Co.). Risk management in the financial services business, involves assessment as well as quantification of business risks and then putting in place measures to control them. Risk management also happens to be part of compliance function and part of precise business units (Kolakowski). JPMorgan has done the best to put in place different units that are independent in risk decision making to ensure risks are anticipated, minimized hence well managed. A bachelor’s degree is the minimum education

Shyness refers to anxiety Essay Example for Free

Shyness refers to anxiety Essay I believe millions of people are suffering from shyness. â€Å"Shyness refers to anxiety and excessive caution in interpersonal relationship† (Corey 2009). We have learnt that shyness is actually social anxiety in which the individual tries to avoid eye contact with people, making it difficult to communicate effectively. I am an outgoing person when interacting with my family or close friends, however, when it comes to someone I don’t really know, I am very shy. However, the anxiety and shyness disappears little by little after I have gotten along with such person, I also have a fear of public speaking especially if I am in the center of attention. I consider myself as being too shy, so I am always willing to get over my shyness and trying to build confidence. Since I am a student, I have a lot of opportunities to interact with other people. I put myself in situations where I forced to make contact with people, like speech class and engaging in social activities, even though I find doing these stressful and uncomfortable. However, these didn’t work well and my shyness actually gets worse. After all attempts to get over my shyness fails, I have no choice than to live with it. However, Prof. Occhiato mentioned in class that shyness is the same as selfishness, I had to face this trait of mine again since I concur with what the professor said Before getting into the theme of the book I chose, I would like to talk on how my shyness/ fear of public speaking developed. When I was in elementary school in Switzerland, I was prudent but energetic and outgoing person. During lectures, I usually ask question without thinking of embarrassment that might result from my inquisitive character. Even though I was only seven or eight years old, I knew that I need to perform and produce good results. I received my teacher’s and peer’s praise for my good work and I was encouraged to keep the flag flying. I became industrious and tried to accomplish my task successfully, I also wanted to gain recognition for creating new things. In general, children’s efforts to master their school work help them to grow and form a positive self-concept a sense of who they really are. However, after I moved to Asia, I changed a lot, although in negative ways. In Korea, it is considered rude for a student to ask questions during class, such act is regarded as interruption to the flow of the lesson, whereas, in Swiss classrooms children are encouraged to ask questions. It is all about culture so that moving to a new school abroad means I have adjusting to the new culture. However, since I am used to taking classes either in the United States or in Europe, I felt uncomfortable with being in this environment. Older children may find it hard to adapt, both to a new culture and a new language, but since I was still ten years old, I settled in quickly. Once I get used to being in Korean culture, I started to feel embarrassed asking questions in the class, but I also felt a sense of shame that I am different. This feeling became worse after moving to Japan. Even though I have lived in abroad for most of my life, I consider myself as a very Japanese since my parents taught me a lot of things about Japanese culture, morals, injunctions and many other things. One day, my teacher asked me the meaning of famous Japanese proverb and I was floored by that question. She said â€Å"This question is actually quite easy and a kind of common sense. † And she pointed at me and said â€Å"However, even you are not able to answer the question; this is understandable to me since you are from the different culture. † My face was flushed with shame that I couldn’t answer the easiest and a kind of common sense question. At that moment, I felt I had been stupid all the while and that I am and failure in everything. However, anytime I think of it now, I didn’t have to be panic any longer since I know I wasn’t old enough to think logically and subjectively during those periods. As a result of the embracement that I experienced in my childhood, those negative feelings are firmly planted in my mind. This is the reason why I develop extreme shyness/ fear of public speaking. Well, I would like to go into the main theme which is about the book I chose. The author, Leil Lowndes was able to produce a magnificent book that can counter shyness and workout confidence among people. The book â€Å"Goodbye to Shy: 85 Shy Busters†, helps readers to face everyday lives with full confidence and brighter perspectives. It determines the source of shyness, the effects of being shy and introduces possible remedies to achieve a shy free life. Each chapter focuses on a particular step that shy individual can use. Then at the end of each chapter, it is summarize the discussion in a little gray box called a `Shy Buster. ` The first part of the book tackles proper way of dealing with people nowadays even in the presence of shyness in one’s personality. The goal of attaining a shy free life is never an easy task; it will take time to gain a complete confidence. The other day, I told people that I am shy, however, they didn’t even believe me. †Oh I don’t think you are, since you are talking to me. † They don’t know how much I am suffering inside. Since then, I have been thinking it is not a proper idea telling people that I am shy. Surprisingly, the author recommends telling other people that you are shy (Lowndes 3). In most situations, shy people try to hide their condition to avoid being humiliated. People will only laugh at an individual whoadmitted that he/she is shy and may say things like â€Å"Oh, not you! You’ve got to be kidding† (Lowndes 3). According to the book, shy people are classified to three different types: born shy, situational shy and traumatic experience shy. The first type of shy people is a natural shy from birth. The sensitivity of born shy people is extremely high and they try to avoid socialization as much as possible. The second type of shy is usually affected by certain events that expose them to others. One great example of situational shyness is during class discussions. Lastly, traumatic experiences make someone shy because of too much humiliation or failure. This can also be viewed as people who are usually well taken care of right from their childhood days. It produces traumatic shyness because they will keep on depending and talking to close family members rather than exposing themselves to people that they barely know. In my case, my shyness comes under either the second or the third one. Once a person is already aware of the type of shyness he/she possess, it is the time for him/her to get out of the situation (Lowndes 7). There are discussions made in the book about battling with blushing, sweating and other signs of shyness (Lowndes 10). The author also encourages shy people to talk about their condition (Lowndes 12). This will make them face the tough situation that they are and step by step settle the problem with their personality (Lowndes 15). The book is indeed helpful for shy people because they will be aware of the things that they need to do to counter shyness. It is one way of showing readers how life will be more meaningful with the right confidence and sociable personality. Another good part of the book is the second chapter which discusses different point of views of people about the shy person. Either the shy person says that he/she is shy or not, other people can notice it even without even telling them (Lowndes 21). The author also based her findings on studies that prove how shy people view themselves worse than what they really are. The â€Å"mud colored glasses† hinders people from growing up and showing off their proud personality (Lowndes 25). Shy readers will find themselves whispering â€Å"Yes that’s me! † upon encountering several discussions in the book when the discussions are really similar to their life experiences. This is a good way of making people aware of their weaknesses so that they can work it out and transform it into strengths. Reading the book serves as a self discovery for shy people. after they have already gathered pertinent information about their condition, the author then lead them to more juicy chapters that will make them finish with confidence. As mentioned before, there are shy busters’ techniques identified by the author which can be easily applied to the lives of shy people. There is a three-step game plan given by the author, so that shy people will unhook themselves from the terrible condition (Lowndes 43). It includes chapters about hooking hide and seek, shaving off the years of suffering from shyness and how to warm up one’s wacky confidence (Lowndes 45- 58). For beginners, there are shy buster techniques that will improve shyness little by little. From simple eye to eye contact to giving out a perfect smile and eliminating snob mannerism were discussed in the chapter titled† The seven best beginner’s shy busters† (Lowndes 61). Rare shy busters were also given by the author that will allow shy people contemplate on things that made them shy. It will also encourage them that the only people who can help them from recovering are their own selves. Big time sufferers were also tackled in the book, but eventually there is still a hope for them to recover. Crowd behaviors were also cited in the book and how shyness is available on almost every place like parties and other places. Shy people often treat crowded people as hell but the book will make them change this kind of orientation. The book is great for both the shy and people that are not shy, the author outlines many aspects of personal relations that will be beneficial to everyone. In a humorous way, she sites real-life examples (many of her own) that point out where a shy person may have shortcomings. She then explains why they may behave the way they do and offers alternatives to overcome the shy behavior. Also, it manifests the author’s willingness to help out and change the lifestyle of shy people. Fearless conversation will be made available for shy people after reading this book. Family and sexual relationship problem which are affected by shyness will also be resolved through several shy busters given in the book. Getting to know one’s self is the best way to get out of a shy life. Loving yourself is the main message of this book because it assures shy people that life is a priceless gift especially for those who extends themselves to others. Again, each shy buster introduced by the author allows shy people to practice and apply it in their lives. Every accomplished shy buster technique leads them closer to graduation day. By the end of the book, shy people will find themselves successful and free from painful shyness experiences. It will give shy people the chance to look attractive and feel more comfortable whenever other people are around them. In conclusion, this is an excellent step by step guide to getting over our shyness. I found many of the author’s suggestions and words very helpful. Honestly, I initially resist buying this book because the cover is so local. It looks like some 1980s book that I usually find in my mothers closet. But then, I bought it anyway. I am glad I did. It is quite funny and entertaining to read. As I read the book, it eases away from its clinical insights and moves more towards the practical. And the practical offers tips that I think would help most people regardless of how shy they are. (Chances are good that most people have some shyness in them based on how the author defines `shyness. ) The exercises help to give me some confidence and it really helps me realize that people are not as critical as we think they are. Besides, she opened my eyes to a lot of things. For example, I’ve heard before that people considered me to an arrogant person for avoiding them, and I was just shy. I had no idea that they did not understand it. I always thought that there is no hope for my shyness. Reading this book doesn’t mean I can get over my shyness completely. I know I have to put theories into practice. But at least, this book gives me some hope. I want to thank Prof. Occhiato for mentioning that â€Å"shyness = selfishness. † It could be a life changing book that will reshape and reconstruct the lives of many shy people.

Reality and Illusion in Richard Bach’s Illusions Essay -- Richard Bach

Questioning Reality in Richard Bach’s Illusions The message of Richard Bach’s Illusions is based on the concept that the things we interpret in the world as reality are actually illusions. This is made evident to one of the main characters, Richard, through his interactions with his newly found friend, Donald Shimoda. Donald Shimoda is a â€Å"messiah†, and he has gifts that he uses to help mankind. A quote that Richard reads is â€Å"Here is a test to find whether your mission on earth is finished: If you’re alive, it isn’t† (121). During the entire story, Don proves this quote to be true. Donald works to share his gifts and carry out his mission on earth. Richard and Don are barnstormers. They live their lives flying from town to town, landing in farm fields, and giving flights to local people for three dollars. Richard meets Don when Richard sees Donald’s plane parked in a field as he is passing by the nearby town. Richard is very curious about this plane because it is extremely unusual to encounter other barnstormers. He also feels lonely at times, and he wants to see if the other barnstormer can keep him company. When Richard lands his airplane, he meets Don. He talks with Don for several moments and, despite noticing some unusual quirks about Don, does not think that Don is too out-of the ordinary. Then he notices that Don’s plane is immaculate. It does not have any dirt or oil or any other evidence that it has been flown before. When Richard asks Don about this, Don tells him that there are things that Richard does not know. Later in the story, however, Richard learns more about Don and why he seems to be mysterious. Richard has a dream that reveals to him why Donald seems so mysterious. He sees a man a... ...ir problems or uncertainties. When people realize that they are capable of knowing the truth, they are able to overcome the illusions and to help others break their own boundaries. Donald Shimoda is aware of his mission on earth. He knows that he has the power to help all of mankind, and he works to help any person who he encounters who is in need. He works hard to do so throughout his entire life and until his death. When Donald dies, his work on earth really is complete. He teaches Richard to look past illusions and to see the reality behind them. Richard comes to realize that he too can perform miracles. In learning and sharing the gifts that Donald offered to the world, Richard is able to help mankind. Donald does finish his mission when he dies. However, his friend Richard has the ability to carry out the same mission and to help others as Donald did.

Wittgenstein and Modern Philosophy: A Review

JUSTUS HARTNACK, Wittgenstein and Modern Philosophy (trans: Maurice Cranston, New York: Anchor Books, 1965) pp. (x+142). Paper. The book Wittgenstein and Modern Philosophy, written by Professor Justus Hartnack, was first published in Danish. Later this book was translated to English by Maurice Cranston who was the author of Freedom, What are Human Rights? , Jean-Paul Sartre and the standard biography of John Locke. Hartnack is also famous for his book Philosophical Problems. The book Wittgenstein and Modern Philosophy deals with the philosophy of the most famous contemporary philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein.This book covers over one hundred and forty two pages. It begins with a preface by the author. This book, having five chapters, is the interpretation of Wittgenstein’s philosophical works. The first chapter, under the title ‘Biographical Introduction’, dealt with the life history of Ludwig Wittgenstein—the most renowned figure of the time. He was a great philosopher who dedicated himself to the growth of philosophy. â€Å"†¦philosophy was his life† (p. 3). Though he made lectures on British universities, he was not at all English, but an Austrian Jew, living and working in England.He was born in Vienna in 1889, the son of a rich engineer. Initially he had a taste to engineering; but later, it transformed to mathematics and he became a disciple of Bertrand Russell in Cambridge University. At the outbreak of the First World War, he contributed a few years in the Austrian army. His first and the most famous book, Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus was published in 1922. Indeed the language of the book is elusive, â€Å"it has had an enormous influence among philosophers† (p. 6). Its influence was particularly marked in the logical positivism that became so fashionable in the years between the wars.But the later teachings of Wittgenstein were contrasting to the former teachings. His The Philosophical Investigations (1953) , which published only after his death marked a new beginning in the world of philosophy. Besides the above books, he was also the author of the book, The Blue and Brown Books (1958). His writings paved a place for Wittgenstein in the history of philosophy. The second chapter named ‘The Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus’ gives out a brief summary of Wittgenstein’s eighty pages book—Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus.The author begins with the traditional notion of language—â€Å"consists of words and each word possesses meaning insofar as it stands for something† (p. 13). It is the search for the problem of philosophical assertions that brings out the serious errors in using the language. So, Russell in his Principia Mathematica comes up with the need of constructing a new language preserving the logical form. It was the beginning of symbolic logic. But Wittgenstein was not satisfied with this new language because â€Å"he did not think there was a ny need to construct a new language because he held that there is only one language† (p. 6). His book Tractatus shares this idea. The author expresses the content of Wittgenstein’s Tractatus in nine parts in this chapter. The world, thought and propositions nave the same logical form—world is represented by thought and it is expressed in words as propositions. So, according to Wittgenstein, â€Å"the world is the totality of facts, not of things† (p. 18). A thing is not itself a fact even the thing is bound up with the notion of a fact. The author uses the example: â€Å"It is a fact that my watch is lying on the table, but neither the watch nor the table is a fact† (p. 25).The thought and propositions serve as pictures of facts. This is known as ‘Picture Theory of Language’—language is a picture or model of facts. Pictures are models of reality and these are made up of elements that represent objects. The combination of objects in the picture represents the combination of objects in reality. So the function of the language is to represent the state of affairs in the world. But the proposition does not give a spatial representation of the fact; it is only a logical picture of the state of affairs. Then, Hartnack points out Wittgenstein’s concept of ‘mystical’.There are some facts â€Å"that would be nonsensical to discuss, describe or even to think, because language cannot logically be employed about it† (p. 40). He included all the ethical and spiritual values in the realm of mystical. It is something that is transcendental. The third chapter ‘The Tractatus and Logical Positivism’ says about the influence of Tractatus over logical positivism. The author divided this chapter into four parts. The first part comments on logical positivist’s conception of philosophy. For them, â€Å"the task of philosophy †¦is simply to clarify the meaning of such [philosoph ical] problems and propositions† (p. 6). It has nothing to do in providing information about reality. A better understanding of the meaning of propositions can be ascertained through ‘verification principle’—one understands the meaning of a proposition only of one knows how it could be verified. For example, the statement ‘It is raining’ can be verified. But there are some other propositions that can’t be verified and it is called as ‘pseudo propositions’ similar to Wittgenstein’s ‘mystical’. In the following parts of the third chapter, the author discusses how the logical positivism differs from the ideas of Wittgenstein.It is believed by the positivist that Wittgenstein was the first one who had proposed the verification principle. Wittgenstein accepted the mystical propositions as genuine along with the empirical propositions. But positivists denied the assumption that mystical propositions are genuine for they cannot accept anything other than that is empirical. â€Å"†¦what cannot be said, and therefore cannot be thought, is not an expression of the limits of language. The reason for being silent is that there is nothing to speak about† (p. 55). The fourth chapter holds the same title, ‘The Philosophical Investigations’, of his second known book.This chapter speaks on the summary of Wittgenstein’s Investigations. This book is not a continuation of his own ‘Tractatus’; rather it is the repudiation of his views in ‘Tractatus’. The author explains its importance as: What gives the importance is that it contains the mature philosophy of Wittgenstein. It introduces a new chapter in the history of philosophy. It is not just a continuation or development of the thought of others. It is something wholly original (p. 62-63). The Investigations had a reference to St. Augustine’s Confessions. â€Å"St.Augustine fancied, acc ording to Wittgenstein, that he had discovered what was essential to all languages, namely that all words should have a meaning and that the meaning of each was what it stood for† (p. 65). Augustine conceived of it as a ‘naming-game’, that is, as a language mastered by learning the names of different things. But Wittgenstein couldn’t approve this ‘naming-game’ and with a slight difference he introduced ‘language-game’ which had its foundation on the sense that the meaning of a word is its use in the language. He thought that in language we are playing with words.As we can’t find any resemblance in different games though they possess some similarities and relationships, we can’t find resemblance in our multiple ways of language use. Hartnack discusses: Language, no longer a picture of reality, is now seen as a tool†¦with variety of uses. Different words are like different tools in the toolbox. And just as there is no one use which is the essential use of all tools, there is no one essential use for words and sentences. (p. 75) Different language-games show a family resemblance as like the members of a family share many similar features, such as eye colour, hair, facial structure, etc,.However, there will be no one particular feature that they all share in common. So the different language-games are related to one another in many different ways. In Investigations, Wittgenstein made a gradual transition on the aim of philosophy. With a new view, philosophy aims at complete clarity. â€Å"[And] this complete clarity does not lead to the solution of problem, but to its disappearance† (p. 82). Why is to say that the problem disappear? It is because the origin of the philosophical perplexity is an error, or rather a misunderstanding—a misunderstanding of the logical grammar of the sentences concerned.When it has been healed, the source of the problem has not been ‘solvedâ€℠¢, it has vanished. The role of philosophy is to show the path of liberation to the fly trapped in the fly bottle. In the last chapter ‘Contemporary Philosophical Investigations’, Hartnack says something about the philosophers who were very much influenced by Wittgenstein. He also tried to give a brief note on the papers and books published by those philosophers. Gilbert Ryle’s The Concept of Mind is the first book to be dealt with.It was published in 1949, four years before the Investigations, and it is not Wittgenstein in style, although there is no conflict on essential points; â€Å"but it is typically Wittgensteinian in that it treats philosophical problems as the consequence of the misunderstanding of the logic of concepts† (p. 119). Besides giving a short description, the author has not tried to go deep into the text. Following Ryle’s The Concept of Mind, Hartnack makes a brief study on Peter Strawson’s paper ‘On Referringâ€℠¢, where Strawson is attacking what he believes to be a mistaken conception of meaning. Strawson’s paper is Wittgensteinian in the sense that it argues that the meaning of a sentence is not what it refers to, but the rules for its correct use† (p. 121). He rejected Russell’s claim that every sentence must be true or false or meaningless. For Strawson, â€Å"a sentence is meaningful if there are rules for its use as an assertion† (p. 126). In the following two parts of the last chapter, author summarises ‘The Ascription of Responsibility and Rights’, the defense paper of Professor H. L. A. Hart and ‘On Grading’, the paper presented by the Oxford philosopher J.O. Urmson. The former is dealt with morality and jurisprudence. Here Hart made some similarities of the problems in philosophy and legal concepts. The latter studies the use of sentences that function as evaluations. Urmson works from the simple and homely example of grading a pples. An apple can be graded either as good or as bad, based on its empirical properties. But â€Å"the logical structure of the sentence ‘This is good’ is quite distinct from any question about the validity or relevance of any criterion that may be invoked in support of it† (p. 42). The validity of the statement is not proved in this kind of evaluations. The book Wittgenstein and Modern Philosophy is really an excellent interpretation of Ludwig Wittgenstein’s philosophical works—Tractatus and Investigations. Hartnack had made a genuine effort to make this book marvelous. Though this book contributes nothing new to the world of philosophy, it shows a great honour to Wittgenstein. Hartnack was successful in giving appropriate footnotes in places where the reader needs clarifications.But it is sorry to say that this book lacks index and the last chapter of this book is so vague. The author would have to pay a little more attention to these drawbacks. Excluding these drawbacks, this book is an awesome work. This book will be very useful to the philosophy students especially those who are making study exclusively on Wittgenstein. Even the translator re-produced the book in a simple and eloquent language. This book review will be incomplete unless I mention that the author showed justice to the works of Wittgenstein and even to the readers.