Creative Process Essay

When I think some inventive personic profession I a lot wonder why finesseists want to be artists. The very idea of commencement exercise gear every twenty-four hour period with the obligation to farm something of strong value, something that never existed before, seems unfeignedly hard work and at the same time activity that has a strange beauty in itself. How does an artist engage in the seminal execute and make something-out-of- nonhing to come into existence? How does the originative process set d bear? Does it assimilate structure, or the inventive process consists just of imagination and an sturdy sparkle that lights the seminal fire in the artists forefront?I spent a lot of time examining schoolmaster purport and work of many imaginative artists and how they argon engaged in the originative process. This paper lead make some generalizations about original thinking and angiotensin converting enzyme that be original to the earning of the original p rocess and then will analyze the original process in the lives of four notable artists who argon Langston Hughes, Alvin Ailey, Quincy Jones, and George Lucas. The insights of the originative process then will lead to the exploration of yeasty process in my own life.The fanciful Process Creativity is a constantly stimulating process and last causing excitement. To observe and picture it proficienty is some of the most gratifying aspects of the artistic life and professional activity. One of the possible difficulties of exploring or analyzing the germinal process is that it give the gate decease uninspired. Really, one of the most recent debates in this sphere is whether or not creativity is simply an instance of rational and analytical problem closure or consists of an separate(prenominal), more magic processes.Nevertheless, one thing is obvious the of import benefit of exploring creativity and the creative process is that one will ultimately come to the understanding of the processes go outd and more primally will be able to improve the development and stimulate cultivation of creativity in himself and other community. What is known about the creative process? Let us consider the main components of the creative process. At first, one should know discrepancy between the creative product and the creative process.A general bill is that the creative product is the product of the artistic activity. It is the artistic output that is to be determined as creative or not creative. What are the characteristics of a product that is considered as creative? Torrance (1988), for mannequin, in an analysis of definitions of creativity, stated that impudentlyness is a principal defining characteristic of the creative product. Newness, however, is not the only criteria. It is overly of great importance that the product is good (that is, artistically appealing).Vernon (1989) proposed a more comprehensive definition of the creative product stating that, C reativity means a persons capacity to produce new or captain ideas, insights, restructuring, inventions, or artistic objects, which are accepted by experts as organism of scientific, aesthetic, social, or techno limpid value (p. 94). It weed be seen that heathenish set and norms are a necessary part of the criteria for considering some artistic output to be creative. A major question then that emerges is what are the creative processes that lead to the creative output? What the creative process is involved that increases the chances that an artist will generate a creative output? If one can recognize the constituting processes involved and the character of their inter body process, then one can mother to get a picture of the fundamental essence of the creative process. To do this, I will examine the major spirit levels of the creative process in the next sections. One of the first well-known attempts to study and theorize the creative process was by Wallas in 1926. Wallas prop osed the major stages that reflect contrary processes of the creative process.Although the stages proposed by Wallas are generalized and global, his fashion model provides a good knowledgeableness for the understanding of the creative process. This two-stage model involves the following creative processes 1. Preparation Stage. In this stage the artist gathers different information, becomes thoroughly proficient, and identifies the problem. It is in this stage that the fundamental techniques and knowledge base for realization of a particular goal are mastered. Usually, the fundamental cognitive processes of logic, associations, and creative problem finding should be native in this first stage.The first creative problem finder I would like to mention is named Langston Hughes. Like many other noble artists, Langston Hughes embed problems to solve with art. Langston Hughes be problems to solve with his creative writing. He loved to go with people and observe the sights and sound s of his district in Harlem and then incorporate this experience into his works. The artist found many fascinating ideas for poems during this process. Actually, some of his most historied poems show about the things he perceived with his creative mind and people he met in Harlem.In the same manner, Alvin Ailey found problems to solve with his own choreography. Thus, for example, Ailey made Afternoon Blues (1953), his first creative leaping work. on the job(p) with a musical piece from Leonard Bernsteins On the Town, Ailey performed the hyper stolid, animalistic fictional character of the Faun (Latham, pp. 481482). In this great work of the artist, Ailey produced a mental image of dance as a liberation from heterosexual white domination, he found a safe place in his creative work where he could travel into his inner world as a fully sensual human being free from usual problems of race and sexuality.Another example of problem solving by the artist is Aileys creative reaction to Hortons death (he was Aileys mentor) the artist decided to make dances that tell dance stories about dear people he knew. He created his first choreographic works to pay tribute to Lester Horton, to demonstrate the strength of mob Truitte, and to emphasize the beauty and dramatic ability of Carmen de Lavallade (Latham, pp. 485486). Ailey was creative problem solver I knew nothing about making dances for a group so I put everything about modern dance which I had assume or seen into the work.In addition, I did everything the modality that I thought Lester would have done it. I was just seek to be like Lester because I thought that was the way to be creative (Latham, p. 488). 2. Illumination Stage. In this stage of the creative process ideas are generated using the analytical thinking and logical working on the problem. It is in this stage that Wallas introduced the process of the un certified associations. Creative problem solving is not consciously made, but much organizing in a different way and free associating takes place outside of conscious awareness of the artist.In the next sections, there are several de helping handions of creative artists and their experience in this illumination stage. During this process thoughts are permitted to roam in an uncontrollable manner. It is here that creative processes may play a curiously important role. Artist may want to examine works of the ago centuries or creations from different cultures for generating new images that are ground on the already created idea. This type of exercise can be thought of as an of the essence(p) part of the analytical and associative skills necessary for the creative process.To better understand how this works let us examine the history of adopt that is full of analogical and associative thinking. One of the most famous and popular examples of cinema creativity is George Lucass original whiz Wars film of 1977. The success of the film is legendary. Moreover, it completely changed how celluloids are produced. Interestingly, none of the visual images that the film producer use during the writing of the plot were themselves original.Film observers state that most of Lucass imagery was taken from previous film stories and George Lucas himself admits that his original models were the Flash Gordon movie serials and Edgar sieve Burroughs John Carter of Mars series of books I valued to make an action movie a movie in outer space like Flash Gordon used to be. . . . I wanted to make a movie about an old man and a kid. . . . I as well as wanted the old man to be like a warrior. I wanted a princess, too, but I didnt want her to be a passive damsel in distress (Interview with George Lucas).It seems that the screenwriter wanted to effect to the sense of wonder and adventure movies that had expired him as he was a child but to update that sense for popular tastes of contemporary creation and make good use of all the technological and cinematic new methods and devi ces that developed in the period that had passed since Flash Gordon. He one can see how Lucas was truly creative in this stage by incorporating in Star Wars the myth narrative the screenwriter used a creative analytical and associative thinking and he succeeded.But this process was not a burst of inspiration it evolved over a five-year period of rewrite and editing of the script I began writing Star Wars in January 1973 eighter from Decatur hours a day, five days a week, from then until March 1976, when we began shooting. charge then I was busy doing miscellaneous rewrites in the evenings after the days work. In fact, I wrote four entirely different screenplays for Star Wars, searching for just the right ingredients, characters and storyline. . . . What finally emerged through the many drafts of the script has obviously been influenced by science fiction and action adventure Ive read and seen.And Ive seen a lot of it. Im trying to make a classic sort of genre picture, a classic space fantasy in which all the influences are working together. there are certain traditional aspects of the genre I wanted to bound and help perpetuate in Star Wars (Zito 1977, p. 13). Important analyses on the cognitive processes involved in the creative process have been performed by a number of researchers. For example, Sternberg (Sternberg & Davidson, 1982) gave emphasis to the importance of insight in creative process.Sternberg and Davidson (1982) fate that three types of insights are found in the creative process. First, the artist selectively separates relevant from irrelevant images. Selective union of separate parts brings about synthesizing isolated pieces of images into united in alls. In this way images are organized in new ways. This type of information gathering sets the stage for creative insights. Usually, creative artists have been transformed, have been inspired by, and often have plagiarized the ideas of other artist and from various cultures through the who le of history.This process can also be seen in Aileys work that echoed literary traditions of black cultural heritage, registering the existence of a black self that had transcended the limitations and restrictions that racism had placed on the personal development of the black individual. Incorporating African American tradition and culture, Aileys creative work became an embodiment of African American culture. The artists creative process into concert dance was built on African American works and childhood memories.Ailey wrote about Redonda, later retitled Cinco Latinos (21 December 1958) that The native sense of melodrama of the primitive ritual is exploited in this interpretation of an Afro-Brazilian fetishistic ritual, with movements based on both the sensual and animalistic elements of these rites (Ailey program note). Ailey succeeded in the connecting the whole generation of African-American individuals with the mainstream U. S. culture. It is perhaps the ability to shift b etween stages that is important to the creative process. Such ability allows the artist to gain access to creative cognitive and affective processes.It enables the artist to transform or revise what he or she knows and to find new patterns. Like so many others in his time and after, creative record producer Quincy Jones in his creative process is both fascinated and inspired by the new media. He is impatient about technologys potential to move musical art one step further. This allowed Quincy Jones to succeed in creating real hits from ordinary singers and songs. When artists are engaged in these creative processes, they feel they are performing at the peak of their abilities. In my life I also feel that my creative work gives me insights and makes my live rich.Moreover, I think that creativity is part of what makes me genuinely human allowing me to reach the highest levels of creative performance. Analyzing the creative artists professional life and creative act I identified the major personality traits that relate to tests of creativity and that I also try to develop. They include openness to experience liberty of judgement curiosity preference for challenge and complexity self-confidence internal tendency to risk-taking and strong motivation. These personality traits allow me to bring together various ideas and generate a new point of view or to create a new combination.I believe that analogies and associations are among the most strong tools of the creative process because they can produce a great sort of ideas. Conclusion Study of the creative process is important for many reasons. Explaining the creative process helped me identify and realize noble artists unique creative talents. It is reliable that the creative artist may prefer to ignore the stages of the creative process and break all of the conventions. But my point of view is that this is the wrong way to think about creativity. Instead, I think of the creativity as a kind of the crea tive process language.Obviously, one has first to learn a language before he or she can talk. Similarly, it is nearly unimaginable to create anything without the foundation. And just because the artist uses the background from previous works or different cultures does not mean they are not creative. Examination of the artists creative process in this paper suggests that analogical thinking is important to the creative process. In general, access to and use of history, myths, legends, experience of other people and different cultures and creativity are related processes.For me, creative process is really a form of problem solving not a miraculous, unexplained process. Wallas model of the creative process is a good start for analyzing creativity of other people. References Ailey program note, Kaufmann Concert Hall bounce Center of the 92nd Street YM-YWHA, 21 December 1958. Interview with George Lucas printed in the Star Wars souvenir program (New York S. W. Ventures, 1977). Latham, Jacqueline Quinn. A Biographical Study of the Lives and Contributions of Two Selected Contemporary Black Male Dance Artists Arthur Mitchell and Alvin Ailey. Ph. D. diss. , Texas Womens University, 1973, pp. 481482. Sternberg R. , & Davidson J. (1982, June). The mind of the puzzler.Psychology Today, 16, pp. 37-44. Torrance E. P. (1988). The nature of creativity as manifest in its testing. In R. Sternberg (Ed. ), The nature of creativity (pp. 43-75). Cambridge Cambridge University Press. Vernon, P. E. (1989). The nature-nurture problem in creativity. In J. Glover, R. Ronning, & C. Reynolds, R. (Eds. ), Handbook of creativity (pp. 93-110). New York Plenum. Wallas C. (1926). The art of thought. New York Harcourt Brace. Zito, Stephen. George Lucas Goes out-of-the-way(prenominal) Out, American Film, April 1977, p. 13.

Prime Candidates of Vigilantism

All police force stems from one source of order. In a succession of anarchy and topsy-turvydom a man brought for from a mountain top two sway tablets from which all impartiality branches. Those two tablets, the Ten Commandments, were to be the seeds of jurisprudenceful civilization. Those seeds curb since become the roots of modern humanity. A prime example of this is the join States disposal. The phrase In God we trust is imprinted on every act of levelheaded tender and on most documentation. The purpose of law and government is to nurture the people, but the fact that punishment lack be oblige only illustrates the fact that it does non protect.Punishment is imposed only subsequently calumnious actions against society eat been carried reveal. In order for punishment and legal intervention to be applied there first must be a crime or an action that is the governments indebtedness to prevent from taking place. When law is applied the government has already passe d to protect the undivided punishment will do nonhing to help the dupe after they have been dupeized. Law does non, in truth, prevent such(prenominal) air it only deals with it once it has occurred.Law does nothing to prevent socially harmful behavior, it therefore does not protect in accordance with the tenets set by in the theory of the Social Contract. Why then, in such a modern civilization, do we have vigilance mans? The answer is simple. The fact is that although humanity has advanced, law has failed to keep up. The prime candidates for vigilantism argon those who abide by the law. They acknowledge the earth of the law and respect it. They expect that if one day they argon the victim of a crime the wrongdoer will quickly go by trial and be punished.The truth is that that is rarely the case. It can take months for an offender to even go to trial. The U. S. criminal justice system, however the best in the world, is not nearly efficient enough to properly handle the workl oad placed upon it. Still the situation comes up that even in a clear-cut case with hard evidence and witnesses, law enforcement will fail to properly pass down punishment to those who commit a crime. This is the time when people take the law into their own hands.Impatience and frustration drives and individual to do what he or she believes what the government has failed to do. It can happen to anyone. merely can crime be prevented in the first place? The law lots frustrates teenagers and adults alike. The major difference between these two groups is experience. Teenagers are ordinarily more likely to go out and punish those who violate them or their friends. An example of a teen vigilante is when a teen goes out to defend his/her name in order to prevent slander. This is seen very often.Unfortunately, these teens have either not been educated or have exhausted all legal means in order to halt the crime (slander). Adults are often confronted with the same situation but by having experienced this before, they are more prepared to take action against this. But in adults we often see well-nighthing not usually seen in teens, the involvement of alcohol. Alcohol clouds perspicaciousness and increases violent tendencies. Although teens do consume alcohol, they cannot obtain it legally. Because of the age difference, punishment should not be the same for both adults and teens.Although there are rough difference, for some reasons adults seem to have more choices in terms of education and correction. In adult prisons, inmates can attend GED classes and earn degrees. Teens however do not have that same option. Instead, they have betting-up punishments such as Saturday detention at the high school. What should be done is Saturday corrective classes. Instead of cleaning the school, clean their minds. This is where education comes in. In order to eliminate criminal behavior, we first must rehabilitate and educate those who are at high risk to or have already committ ed a crime.In most forms of punishment, such as seen at the Douglas Juvenile Corrections office, there is actually no correction. Lawn maintenance does in no way educate the offenders. Punishment does not promote understanding not does it allow analysis. Education, unlike punishment, is not a restriction, but a guide. Education is a positive behavioral cultivate that promotes freedom and instills morality. With education comes understanding. Without those two key elements there cannot be the intelligence necessary for correction.Regarding the disciplinary action taken on juvenile offenders, some of which I have seen working outside during school hours, should not be out there. Instead, they should be obligate to attend school. Whether it is high school or a form of military school, they need education. Becoming a vigilante is almost never a result of free choice of an individual. Rather, it is forced upon one by poor or slow action on part of law enforcement. If we as society eve r hope to stand firm in peace and prosperity as guaranteed to us by the constitution, we need to not only enforce the laws, but preach the law.

Evidence-Based Policing Essay

The legal philosophy work of compressing execration is not on easy tack and requires many strategies, techniques and skills. To find the way to a accredited problem police use their evidences to conduct a research to seek to solve it. By tasteing their ideas they can find out if the curtain fire to the problem does work or doesnt. The one of the advantages of evidence-based policing is that it design to help fight crime. Evidence-based policing is design to find the best available solution to the problem and turn back other police officers in other reagents the information on how to shell out with that problem. It creates certain rules and guidelines for the low enforcement agencies. There are defiantly some disadvantages to the evidence-based policing. ane of them is usage of opinions, because evidence-based policing is strictly based on evidence it takes away brilliance of people amour.If people can not express their opinion they lose interest and involvement. Another t wo disadvantages of evidence-based policing in mi opinion that police experiments are expensive and might take a long meter to conduct. One of the examples that I was able to find on line is called The stony Experiment. That experiment was conducted in 1977 and the destination of that experiment according to the National burden for club Policing was to decrease the amounts of criminal activities and to increase the citizens perception of person-to-person safety. The process of that experiment consisted of police officers patrolling the streets and not only fighting crime but also involving themselves in a community programs. That act of involvement in the community has resulted in decrease of the crime rates by 8.7 percent.Another result of Evidence-Based Policingthat experiment is that citizens has started to handling minor problems by themselves which resolute in less calls of the citizens to the police. That allowed police to concentrate on more study problems. The second experiment that I found is called Kansas City Gun Experiment. The goal of that experiment was to reduce crime by seizures of illegal guns. The result of the experiment has shown according to US Department of Justice crime in those areas was decrease by 69 percent which shows the effectiveness of the experiment.ReferencesNational Center for Community Policing,The Impact of Foot Patrol on Black and White Perceptions of Policing .Robert C. Trojanowicz, Retrieved on January 27, 2010. From http//www1.cj.msu.edu/people/cp/impact.htmlOffice of Justice Programs. Kansas City Gun Experiment Kansas City, MO Retrieved on January 26, 2010. Fromhttp//www.ojjdp.ncjrs.gov/pubs/ gun_violence/profile20.htmlSchmalleger, F. S. (2009). CRJ100 Criminal justice today An introductory text for the 21stcentury (10th ed). f number Saddle River, NJ Pearson/Prentice Hall.

Literary Analysis Essay

To write a good novel, not bidd ideas take place. You need to use literary devices in order to provide a good story. The best mentor to look up is fulfil Monk Kidd. She used a lot of literary devices in her story which is c eached The Secret Life of Bees. The three main literary devices which she used end-to-end her story ar epigraphs, character development and allusions.Heat would make a person do strange things.(112).Specially we see this when is described Lilys unmanageable life without the main person of her, without her mother. Since her mother died she is an orphan and her father doesnt cargon for her even though she has her nanny that loves her. Not only she take her mother to care for her or love her, but also she ineluctably her in daily life to help her tone ending through her puerility and teenage problems that e actually single person goes through.The most common literary device which you will see, while you read the book are epigraphs. This is shown in the begi nning of each chapter, giving the readers many hints and some sort of warn of what might be happening in the story. This is an optional device which you choose to use. But it put epigraphs to give you clues on what she will talk next.This is atomic number 53 example A worker bee is just over a cm long and weighs only about sixty milligrams nevertheless, she can fly with a load heavier than herself. The Honey Bee (257) The Secret Life of Bees. This foreshadows you that the main character who is Lily, a 14-year-old girl, is carried too such(prenominal) responsibility on her shoulders, about what shes issue through. Other device that develops ones story, being the most important device in my opinion, is the character development.It pictures the things that the character goes through and how they tack throughout the story, most of the characters change a lot during the whole book .Character development explains every detail, until the nett touch that that character goes through . We see the main character Lily develops so much through this story. In the beginning we see her as an innocent girl, which she does everything to surface out more about her mother. Last but not to the lowest degreeallusions.Why is it important to put them in your story? Allusions as you know, is the extension phone of something that has happened in history,that everybody knows about. If you put them in your story, you makeyour story real. You make the readers timber it, actually live it. Sue Monk Kidd uses allusions to help you understand what is going on in more details. Thats what you should do. Some of the allusions which are very important to be named is where the author put in THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT.This automatically touches your brain by telling you that this was in the 60s and that the nonreversible people where fighting to win their rights. Also adding, it brings you that feeling that you think youre living in the story, being able to relate in anyones everyday life. Another allusion is the WAILING WALL which May writes on it every time somebody dies. In conclusion to this, Allusions help the story by allowing the audience to relate and apply these reasonings in their lives. presently explained, the three literary devices which would be good to include in stories are epigraphs, character development and allusions. This brings your story to a point that the reader believes they are actually living the story, feeling every single detail of it. So, all in all, literary devices increase more use of detailed compose and allows people to understand what is going on.

Father of Modern Management Essay

The satisfaction of kindly needs is something that is achievable for most individuals. race thunder mug meet others who share similar interests by joining applicable clubs or associations and can mix with peers by attending relevant affectionate functions. There are also dating agencies and dinner clubs for those who are pursuance companionship. Where kind services are often required to assist is when a person is unable to easily or practically address these social needs, for example, some atomic number 53 who is elderly or housebound.Organisations such as Age care tolerate facilities a the deal luncheon clubs and day centres, where individuals can benefit from confederacy and conversation. They also collate in radiation diagramation on other in stock(predicate) resources like reminiscence and friendship groups (Age Concern, 2008). There are many routes to satisfying evaluate needs. These include finding challenges of a vocational or academic spirit or becoming part o f a community group to bump off a sense of achievement and social inclusion. For some, actively satisfying their hold esteem needs can be a daunting process.Where social services can assist is in providing accessible services in a variety of formats. One example is the Gateway Team, part of Poole favorable Services (Borough of Poole, 2008) who list their aim as To enable adults in Poole to achieve, adjudge and enjoy emotional and social well-being through the provision of a specialised service. This includes free psychology and counselling services and workshops aimed at addressing disquiet and depression or providing assertiveness training.It also focuses on actively dowery individuals to attain social inclusion by providing ideas for getting involved in the local community. Additionally, help is given by sourcing self-help material in the form of books or online resources. The Gateway Team is merely one localized example to highlight available support but this picture is re plicated throughout the boorish with the provision of services available from local authorities, charities, volunteer groups and private organisations. contemptible on to self-actualisation, it is important to differentiate between this level and the others within Maslows Hierarchy of Needs. As it is concerned with a constantly evolving set of ambitions quite an than a basic set of needs, self-actualisation does not require a safety device net provided by social services. However, the social services framework can be utilised by enterprising individuals to help realise their potential.For example, pioneer volunteer work can build confidence, increase social networks and escalate the sense of well-being. Additionally, career prospects can be significantly enhanced as 73% of employers would employ a candidate with volunteering experience over one without (TimeBank, 2008). In conclusion, this essay has demonstrated that social services, in the widest definition of the term, provid e a wide range of facilities to address the Hierarchy of Needs as set out by Maslow.Although society is far from perfect and the eradication of neither poverty nor suffering is likely to be achieved, the assistance available in this country to those in need is comprehensive. Imagine what life was like for those most in need before the welfare state was naturalized and before charities and other caring organisations became widespread. Consequently, the aim should be to bolster this accessary network and make it the very best it can be. Just like people, social services must continue to strive to fulfil its potential. denotation ListAbraham Maslow Father of Modern Management (2007) Available from http//www. abraham-maslow. com/m_motivation/Hierarchy_of_Needs. asp Accessed 4 October 2008. Age Concern Kingston upon Thames (2008) Social Activities online. Available from http//www. ageconcernkingston. org/whatwedo_socialactivities. htm Accessed 5 October 2008. BBC word of honor Online (2004) Homeless Face More Violent Crime online. Available from http//news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/uk/4099727. stm Accessed 5 October 2008.

A Message from the Pig-Man Essay

Eric is a six year old boy, he is an only child who is passing through a though time, because his parents waste gotten a divorce. Eric thinks its a bit odd that his Dad dopet live with him, his induce and Donald, his stepfather, because the spare room is empty and no one has used it in a long time. Eric feels give care mountain cant explain things to him that he does not understand. For example the Pig-Man. For him the Pig-Man sounds like a monster because no one of the grownups wants to tell him just close the Pig-Man. one and only(a) evening Erics mother asks him to go out with a cover carrier full of potato-peelings and scraps. Eric Does not want to go, exactly his mother says he can scrape out the basin, which she had made some cake form in. When he gets outside the trashcan is gone. But his mother sends him to run after the Pig-Man. When Eric sees who the palpable Pig-Man is, a big relief runs through his body, because the big man is common man and not how he had im agined him to look like.Author Poet, critic and novelist. sewer Barrington black Maria was born in Stoke-on-Trent, the son of a dentist, and educated at Newcastle-under-Lyme Grammar School, Staffordshire, before release on to St. Johns College, Oxford. From 1949 until 1955 he lectured in English at Reading University before turning to freelance constitution full-time. From 1973 to 1978 he was Professor of Poetry at the University of Oxford. For most of his life, John Wain worked as a freelance journalist and author, writing and reviewing for newspapers and the radio. He died in May 1994 at Oxford. From 1974 his literary manuscripts have been deposited at Edinburgh University Library.Setting The figment is taking place at Erics home, in the dining-room and in the Kitchen. Also outside where the bucket is standing, and then where Eric meets the Pig-Man. The time of the story is about 2 days.* Day 1. Where you hear e trulything about Erics life. When Eric is dreaming about the Pig -Man and his dad going on a train together. * Day 2. When Eric is going to bring the paper carrier to the Pig-Man. CharactersEric He is nearly 6 eld of age and has difficulties adapting to the new circumstances. The complicated grown-up world is taking over. He is very proud that the grown-ups also see him as a responsible one-year-old man. There are many questions he would like to ask the grown-ups but is afraid to do so. Eric does not understand why his father had to break just because Donald moved in.He is worried about being left wing alone and he does not have anyone he can curse and open his feelings to. Erics mother Is a caring mother. She told Eric that nothing was going to change when she and his father got a divorce and Donald would move in with them. When she wants Eric to go out with the paper carrier, she tells Eric that he can scrape the basin of cake-mixture. That is a way for her to get Eric to do things and that tells us much about how the mother is.

Minor Assignment Marketing Mix Essay

IntroductionThis report has been compiled in ball club to describe the four most common elements of the merchandise salmagundi which argon described by Elliot, Rundle-Thiele and Waller (2010 p.18-21) in the following few sentences. * carrefour A unspoilt, service or idea offered to the market for exchange. (p.18) * Price The amount of money a business demands in exchange for its offerings. (p.20) * promotional material The market activities that make potential customers, partners and society aw atomic number 18 of and attracted to the businesss offerings. (p.20) * correct (Distribution) The means of making the offering available to the customer at the adjust time and place (p.21) In conjunction with these descriptions, all four marketing mix elements will be analysed and shown how they contribute be applied to sell gaseous state outlets and the w argons which are made available to customers.The Marketing MixElliot et. al describe the marketing mix as the different elements that marketers need to consider. (2010 p. 18) When victimization the marketing mix to market retail gas outlets such as Caltex Woolworths or Coles acquit, marketers need to consider the convergence, Price, Promotion and Distribution (Place) of not hardly flatulence, but many separate consumer and specialty products which retail petrol outlets offer.ProductIt backside be seen in retail petrol brands that opposite than the expected discharges wish unleaded and diesel which are generally relatively low in terms of their simoleons margin, some oil firms take over that supermarkets sell petrol at a loss in site to attract customers. (The Economist, 1996 p.58) Other products are required in order to get along profits for the retail petrol fibrils owner. These other products are generally the convenience type and can range from the daily newspaper and plug gum, to a bottle of orange juice or a arse about of bread. on that express are three categories of conve nience products outlined by Elliot et al. which are all found in retail petrol outlets and include fix products, impulse products and emergency products. (2010 p. 207) * Staple products These are considered to be everyday mart products alike(p) bread and milk, purchased regularly by consumers and therefore arent intemperately promoted * Impulse products These are considered to be only purchased when seen, like confectionary or magazines which are middle catching and are usually found around the hard cash register. * Emergency products These are considered to be those products which are only purchased when really needed, like a raincoat or an umbrella.Although there are a split of products sold by retail petrol outlets like Caltex Woolworths and Coles demonstrate, the obvious product centred on all retail petrol outlets is the displace supplied to consumers. The varieties of dismisss which can be purchased can include* E10 10% Ethanol.* E85 85% Ethanol.* E95 95% Ethano l.* Unleaded specimen fuel.* Hi Octane Offered for luxuriously performance vehicles.* LPG Alternative to liquid fuel, a triggerman product.* Diesel More efficient lower sulphur producing by product. There is a vast selection of fuels for consumers to choose from and although the blends of fuels stay similar, the names and descriptions of these fuels go to change from outlet to outlet. For example, when you drive into a Caltex Woolworths you are confronted with the choice of Caltex twist 95 or 98, both are hi octane blends offered to a prospective purchaser. (Woolworths fuels, Website.) PriceWhen dealing with topic of pricing in retail petrol cut ins, the result of the scathe has to be both beneficial to the seller, and seen as a good deal to the buyer, otherwise no trades will take place. As stated previously, petrol itself tends to begin a lower margin for profit which means the strategic pricing of other products in-store needs to be intercommunicate as well as ensu ring that the price of petrol is not seen as out of balance with other suppliers. There is an obvious demand for petrol, as almost everyone who is able, drives or rides a vehicle which requires fuel to run. So it could be argued that retail petrol stations dont necessarily dance orchestra their own prices, but go off supplier guidelines which base their fuel pricing strategy on demand, Demand based pricing sets prices tally to the level of aggregate or individual customer demand in the market. (Elliott et al. 2010 p. 250)Elliott et al. also continue to write that both Caltex Woolworths and Coles Express hold to a greater extent than 60% of the Australian fuel market share (2010 p.268) so high demand from their suppliers will enable them to lower their fuel prices and therefore clear more customers, earning higher profits. Pricing of other products offered by retail petrol outlets such as bread or milk tend to have the opportunity to be competitive and more fairly priced than a b ar petrol station, the major grocery companies behind retail petrol outlets like Woolworths and Coles focus on throw outing more ground off one and other, price drops are reflected in store and this also proves more profitable, beca utilize consumers are emaciated into purchasing something they wouldnt usually associate with their petrol.PromotionAn important grammatical construction in the success of retail petrol outlets is in their promotion, or the track in which their fuels and other products are portrayed to potential customers. There are many numbers of ways in which retail petrol outlets use promotional tools to make the public more aware of what their outlet has to offer. victimization the Coles Express website for example, it can be seen that promotion plays a major eccentric in the marketing of retail petrol outlets, on the homepage can be found five key promotional campaigns designed to catch the eye of potential customers. The opportunity to win the ultimate weeke nd Ferrari drive flummox or deuce Cadbury chocolate bars for four dollars (Coles Express, website) are two examples of how Coles Express use promotion as a tool to gain the interest of potential customers.The use of shopper dockets and rewards cards are also a major way in which retail petrol outlets have promoted themselves, victimization incentives of cheaper fuel by driping amounts of money in store or purchasing earlier in their supermarkets and bringing the docket to the petrol station in order to gain the fuel discount. In the recent past, retail petrol outlets have encouraged shoppers to buy big in store in order to earn big discounts off fuel motorists who lead more than $300 during one supermarket visit during the next three long time receive a 40 cent per l petrol discount.Shoppers who spend more than $200 or more receive a 25 cent a litre discount, while those who spend $100 or more get a 10 cent a litre discount. (Cranston 2009) Woolworths have the Everyday Rewards program, and Coles have the Fly buys rewards program. Both these programs offer rewards point in exchange for purchases made in their outlets. Another way in which retail petrol outlets can promote their product is through sponsorship, Coles Express for example are sponsoring Daffodil day, a program not normally associated with fuel but this can help to grow an organisations impression, by living such a worthy cause, Coles express may gain wish from the community and in turn boost their profits. Place (Distribution)The transportation and distribution of products including fuel to retail petrol outlets operates under the marketing mix mob of Place. The science (or art) of ensuring products are in the justly place at the right time in the right quantity is k forthwithn as logistics and the variant partners that contribute to the process make up is called the supply chain. (Elliot et al. 2010 p.21) Retail petrol outlets operate somewhat differently to conventional service statio ns, the retail petrol outlets are often situated near to a parent supermarket caller-out (in the same complex) which makes supply of products other than fuel relatively easy as the distance for stock to travel is minimal.When looking at the fuel aspect, it can be seen that the logistics tend to become a lot more knotted and a more defined supply chain emerges. * First fuel is sourced from their respective supplier (Caltex or Shell) on a relatively round basis, as fuel is a required product for most of the community. * The fuel is then transported by truck from oil refineries which are based in more coastal areas (Caltex oil refinery in Kurnell NSW) which makes it easier to transfer oil from afield oil barges when new shipments arrive. * When the trucks reach the retail petrol outlet the fuel is then pumped into underground holding tanks, where the fuel can now be distributed to the customer via the petrol pump and now exchange of fuels can be made for a profit.ConclusionThis rep ort was compiled in order to describe the four elements of the marketing mix* Product* Price* Promotion* Place (distribution)The descriptions of these marketing mix elements were also shown in application how they are applied when breaking down the four aspects in relation to retail petrol outlets. Focusing on the Caltex Woolworths and Coles Express partnerships it was able to be shown how the marketing mix elements are applied. Products have been broken down into specific fuels and other items which are available to potential customers, these products have also been categorised as either Staple, Impulse or Emergency. Price has been shown to be of vital splendor, and the outcome of the price has to be both beneficial to the seller, and seen as a good deal to the buyer.Promotion has also proven to be of high importance to the overall marketing of retail petrol outlets, the use of shopper dockets for discounts, and sponsorship for awareness and image are important promotional tools o utlined above. Place (Distribution) outlines the logistics and supply chain which is in place for retail petrol outlets to gain their product in order to forward it onto the paying public to gain an overall profit. every four of these marketing mix elements play their own equally diametric role in ensuring the successful operation of retail petrol outlets.ReferencesColes Express website www.colesexpress.com.auCranston, B. (2009) NSW ACCC investigating supermarket petrol promotion. AAP Australian National News wireElliott, G. Rundle-Thiele, S. & Waller, D. (2010) Marketing. philia Action, The Economist. (1996) Vol. 338 Issue 7950, page 58Woolworths petrol website www.woolworthspetrol.com.au

Massey-Fergusion Case Study Essay

1. Net sales for Massey-Ferguson actually increased among 1979 and 1980. Despite this, netincome and income from continuing operations both dropped sharply in 1980. Which itemon the income statement was most responsible for this drop in income?The item on the income statement most responsible for this drop in income was the rise in costof goods sold due to currency spike exposure. The pound appreciated strongly against currenciesthat Massey sold its products. Especially since engine mathematical product was highly concentrated in theUnited Kingdom. Cost of goods sold travel from $238.18 million to $2568.5 million from 1979 to1980 because of the rise in strength of the British pound.2. wherefore would the Canadian government have any interest in help Massey-Fergusonrefinance its debt?A bulk of Masseys operations were centralized in Canada which meant that a large portionof Canada was employed by Massey (6,700 in Ontario) and without the help ofthe Canadiangovernment these jobs would be loss and they would need to concede out unemployment. Also, argus Corporation, a stock holding company in Canada, had a 16.5% stake in Massey and was aconservative hold outer who wanted more support for Massey.3. Why would it be difficult for Massey-Ferguson to conduct an equity add to ante up down itsdebt?It would be difficult for Massey to conduct an equity issue to pay down its debt because of howmuch debt Massey accrued and their consistent inability to pay it. Also, argus refused to takea block of preferred share issues Massey intended to issue in 1980. Since Argus was Masseyslargest shareholder, if they lacked confidence in Massey it shows a lot. Massey besides fell behindwith dividends to both preferred and common shares due to covenants on their outstanding loans.So equity capital was out of the question.

Payroll: Salary and Union Dues O.t.

NOVEMBER 20 PAYROLL Glo-Brite Paint party Employee List 11/20/ Emp. Employee Soc. Sec. / counterbalance G. L. lucre/ No. Name/Address Mar. Stat. Periods Acct. Rate c BONNO, Anthony Victor 537-10-3481 26 5417. 5 694 Bristol Avenue Married Philadelphia, PA 19135-0617 W/H 4 110 FERGUSON, James Claude 486-03-8645 26 53 2250. 00 808 ordinal road Married Philadelphia, PA 19106-0995 W/H 5 cxx FORD, Catherine Louise 213-09-4567 26 52 900. 0 18 Dundee Avenue single(a) Philadelphia, PA 19151-1919 W/H 2 130 MANN, Dewey Wilson 282-37-9352 26 53 1350. 00 3007 Bisque compel Married Philadelphia, PA 19199-0718 W/H 0 140 ONEILL, Joseph Tyler 897-04-1534 26 51 2307. 9 2100 Broad Street Married Philadelphia, PA 19121-7189 W/H 3 150 RUSSELL, Virginia Aloise 314-21-6337 26 52 690. 00 8004 Dowling Road wiz Philadelphia, PA 19135-9001 W/H 2 160 RYAN, Norman Allen 526-23-1233 26 5418. 0 7300 Harrison Street Married Philadelphia, PA 19124-6699 W/H 4 170 SOKOWSKI, Thomas James 662-04-88 32 26 54 2050. 00 133 Cornwells Street Single Philadelphia, PA 19171-5718 W/H 2 180 STUDENT 555-55-5555 26 52 7. 0 7018 Erdrick Street Single Philadelphia, PA 19135-8517 W/H 1 190 WILLIAMS, Ruth Virginia 518-30-6741 26 52 1223. 08 9433 State Street Single Philadelphia, PA 19149-0819 W/H 0 Emp. Employee Soc. Sec. / fix G. L. honorarium/ No. Name/Address Mar. Stat. Periods Acct.Rate 200 WOODS, Beth Anne 724-03-1587 26 52 1200. 00 8102 Franklin speak to Single Philadelphia, PA 19105-0915 W/H 1 Glo-Brite Paint Company remunerationroll Report 11/20/ topical every quarter periodical 100-BONNO, Anthony Victor Gross Pay 1129. 60 5471. 50 16793. 0 54-Plant salvo 84. 80 894. 80 Married Acct. 54 get 34. 68 167. 98 515. 57 W/H 4 537-10-3481 Soc. Sec. OASDI 70. 04 339. 23 1041. 19 Pay Periods 26 MedicareHI 16. 38 79. 33 243. 50 allowance CIT 44. 39 215. 02 659. 97 Hourly Rate 17. 65 meeting Ins. 16. 50 33. 00 177. 80 Reg. Hours 64. 00 fusion Dues 8. 00 32. 00 104. 00 O. T.Hours childlike Plan cut back quash 703 Employee SUTA 1. 02 4. 93 15. 12 pause Date 11/20/ discharge Pay 938. 59 4515. 21 13141. 55 110-FERGUSON, James Claude Gross Pay 2250. 00 9000. 00 32125. 00 53-Sales tot up 49. 62 423. 48 2714. 48 Married Acct. 53 stick 69. 08 276. 32 986. 26 W/H 5 486-03-8645 Soc.Sec. OASDI 139. 50 558. 00 1991. 75 Pay Periods 26 MedicareHI 32. 63 130. 52 465. 83 Salary 2250. 00 CIT 88. 43 353. 72 1262. 53 Hourly Rate radical Ins. 26. 40 52. 80 185. 10 Reg. Hours Union Dues O. T. Hours Simple Plan 500. 00 500. 00 500. 00 catch out progeny 704 Employee SUTA 2. 03 8. 12 28. 93 Check Date 11/20/ Net Pay 1342. 1 6697. 04 23990. 12 120-FORD, Catherine Louise Gross Pay 900. 00 3600. 00 9900. 00 52-Office admit 45. 27 181. 08 820. 08 Single Acct. 52 SIT 27. 63 110. 52 303. 93 W/H 2 213-09-4567 Soc. Sec. OASDI 55. 80 223. 20 613. 80 Pay Periods 26 MedicareHI 13. 05 52. 20 143. 55 Salary 900. 00 CIT 35. 37 141. 8 389. 07 Hourly Rate aggroup Ins. 10. 50 21. 00 58. 80 Reg. Hours Union Dues O. T. Hours Simple Plan Check Number 705 Employee SUTA 0. 81 3. 24 8. 91 Check Date 11/20/ Net Pay 711. 57 2867. 28 7561. 86 Current Quarterly Yearly 130-MANN, Dewey Wilson Gross Pay 1350. 00 5400. 00 10800. 00 53-Sales sum 57. 0 188. 84 520. 84 Married Acct. 53 SIT 41. 45 165. 80 331. 58 W/H 0 282-37-9352 Soc. Sec. OASDI 83. 70 334. 80 669. 60 Pay Periods 26 MedicareHI 19. 58 78. 32 156. 62 Salary 1350. 00 CIT 53. 06 212. 24 424. 46 Hourly Rate throng Ins. 15. 90 31. 80 63. 30 Reg. Hours Union Dues O. T. Hours Simple Plan 250. 00 250. 00 250. 0 Check Number 706 Employee SUTA 1. 22 4. 88 9. 74 Check Date 11/20/ Net Pay 827. 69 4133. 32 8373. 86 140-ONEILL, Joseph Tyler Gross Pay 2307. 69 9230. 76 51923. 03 51-Administrative FIT 70. 38 596. 52 6712. 52 Married Acct. 51 SIT 70. 85 283. 40 1594. 05 W/H 3 897-04-1534 Soc. Sec. OASDI 143. 08 572. 32 3219. 24 Pay Periods 26 MedicareHI 33. 46 133. 84 752. 88 Salary 2307. 9 CIT 90. 69 362. 76 2040. 57 Hourly Rate classify Ins. 27. 00 54. 00 256. 50 Reg. Hours Union Dues O. T. Hours Simple Plan 700. 00 700. 00 700. 00 Check Number 707 Employee SUTA 2. 08 8. 32 46. 74 Check Date 11/20/ Net Pay 1170. 15 6519. 60 36600. 53 150-RUSSELL, Virginia Aloise Gross Pay 672. 4 2725. 88 8965. 88 52-Office FIT 11. 60 92. 86 734. 86 Single Acct. 52 SIT 20. 66 83. 68 275. 24 W/H 2 314-21-6337 Soc. Sec. OASDI 41. 72 169. 00 555. 88 Pay Periods 26 MedicareHI 9. 76 39. 54 130. 02 Salary 690. 00 CIT 26. 45 107. 14 352. 37 Hourly Rate classify Ins. 8. 10 16. 20 47. 70 Reg. Hours Union Dues O.T. Hours Simple Plan Check Number 708 Employee SUTA 0. 61 2. 46 8. 08 Check Date 11/20/ Net Pay 554. 04 2215. 00 6861. 73 160-RYAN, Norman Allen Gross Pay 1440. 00 5976. 00 20661. 30 54-Plant FIT 7. 27 118. 38 1188. 38 Married Acct. 54 SIT 44. 21 183. 47 634. 1 W/H 4 526-23-1233 Soc. Sec. OASDI 89. 28 370. 51 1281. 00 Pay Periods 26 MedicareHI 20. 88 86. 65 299. 59 Salary CIT 56. 59 234. 85 811. 98 Hourly Rate 18. 00 Group Ins. 16. 80 33. 60 197. 30 Reg. Hours 80. 00 Union Dues 8. 00 32. 00 104. 00 O. T. Hours Simple Plan 200. 00 200. 00 200. 00 Check Number 709 Employee SUTA 1. 30 5. 39 18. 1 Check Date 11/20/ Net Pay 995. 67 4711. 15 15926. 13 Current Quarterly Yearly 170-SOKOWSKI, Thomas James Gross Pay 2050. 00 8200. 00 24850. 00 54-Plant FIT 255. 46 826. 50 2828. 50 Single Acct. 54 SIT 62. 94 251. 76 762. 92 W/H 2 662-04-8832 Soc. Sec. OASDI 127. 10 508. 40 1540. 70 Pay Periods 26 MedicareHI 29. 3 118. 92 360. 35 Salary 2050. 00 CIT 80. 57 322. 28 976. 63 Hourly Rate Group Ins. 24. 00 48. 00 142. 50 Reg. Hours Union Dues O. T. Hours Simple Plan Check Number 710 Employee SUTA 1. 85 7. 40 22. 39 Check Date 11/20/ Net Pay 1468. 35 6116. 74 18216. 01 180-STUDENT Gross Pay 540. 00 2160. 0 7710. 00 52-Office FIT 12. 35 49. 40 458. 40 Single Acct. 52 SIT 16. 58 66. 32 236. 70 W/H 1 555-55-5555 Soc. Sec. OASDI 33. 48 133. 92 478. 02 Pay Periods 26 MedicareHI 7. 83 31. 32 111. 80 Salary CIT 21. 22 84. 88 303. 00 Hourly Rate 7. 50Group Ins. 6. 30 12. 60 45. 00 Reg. Hours 72. 00Union Dues O.T. Hours Simple Plan Check Number 711 Employee SUTA 0. 49 1. 96 6. 96 Check Date 11/20/ Net Pay 441. 75 1779. 60 6070. 12 190-WILLIAMS, Ruth Virginia Gross Pay 5733. 33 15993. 33 52-Office FIT 738. 24 2344. 24 Single Acct. 52 SIT 176. 02 491. 00 W/H 0 518-30-6741 Soc. Sec. OASDI 355. 7 991. 59 Pay Periods 26 MedicareHI 83. 12 231. 89 Salary 1223. 08 CIT 225. 33 628. 55 Hourly Rate Group Ins. 28. 80 88. 20 Reg. Hours Union Dues O. T. Hours Simple Plan Check Number Employee SUTA 5. 16 14. 39 Check Date Net Pay 4121. 19 11203. 47

Fast food †Ice cream Essay

Almost every angiotensin-converting enzyme sleep withs to eating libertine aliment because it is cheap. numerous people these days prefer to eat food that makes their food hold and withal they do non gestate to spend more than five-spot dollars. This nation is surrounded with fast food eating places and there is no one way people can miss one down their avenue and in every mall. I work at the mall and I tend to eat fast food since it is the only thing darling me. My trey darling fast food restaurants which are Wendys, Dairy queer and Steak n- Shake.One of my front-runner fast food restaurants is Wendys. When I was in graduate(prenominal) school at the beginning of my senior year I worked at Wendys and of course I ate their food since I had a fifty percent discount so the food was really cheap. I always craved the spicy chicken nuggets with winning and sour dipping sauce. invariably since I worked there I know how each dipping sauce predilection when I always orde red the spicy chicken nuggets. I chicane the honey, barbeque, honey mustard, ranch and of course my favorite sweet and sour sauce.I also loved how my manager prepared the sweet tea because it was not too sweet and actually tasted like homemade sweet tea. I am a fanatic of sweet tea and pretty a vast deal have tried it at every fast food restaurant I have eaten at. Also I love to enjoy my combos with a dessert. I usually get a small chocolate frosty. I love the taste of it because it reminds me of chocolate milk. Also because it is very puzzle outy and sweet this is a great combination for dessert. These are all the many favorite things I love to eat at Wendys.My second favorite fast food restaurant is Dairy Queen. They have the best desserts there such(prenominal) as the blizzards, the sundaes, banana splits, their famous waffle cone scratch creams and the DQ ice cream sandwich. I always tend to eat the ice cream cones because I do not have to spend that much coin the cones c ost one dollar depending on the size. When I am at my aunt apartments my cousins and I always walk to Dairy Queen since it is not too far from the apartment just three to five proceeding walking. We go there everytime when we are hungry or we just go there to talk and eat some food. It also provides free internet which is great to check Facebook or our emails. Also it has a great video game player for when we bring our little baby and cousins so they will not get bored. Another reason I love eating at dairy queen is their chili cheeseflower fried burritos. They are so delicious and juicy especially when they delegate the chili all over it and sprinkle some shredded cheddar cheese cheese. I love to eat at Dairy Queen. My third favorite fast food restaurant is Steak-n-Shake.I always wish mesquite had one but they do not so I have to drive all the way to Rockwall to go to Steak-n-Shake which is 20 to 30 minutes from my home. I love it there especially there juicy cheddar Cheese St eak Burger combo which is good money spent because it is only $4. 99. I love how the food is very affordable and of great quality. I also love to get their famous milkshakes. My all-time favorite is the chocolate lam cookie dough. It has chunks of cookie dough mixed with tasty creamy vanilla ice cream.This fast food restaurant is not like not ordinary fast food place because it provides waiters and it provides amazing fast food dish up. It usually takes 5 to 10 minutes to have my food ready which overall is great. I never get tired of going to Steak-n-Shake because of its great quality of food and service. Fast food may not be good for us at times but it is delicious. All three of these fast food restaurants Wendys, Dairy Queen, and Steak-n-Shake are my favorite because reasons I enjoy eating their food. They all provide great quality of food, fast service and cheap prices. I enjoy these fast food restaurants.

Commentary on Transcendentalism Throughout Moby Dick Essay

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The Go Between and Spies

THE MAIN CHARACTERS IN THE mediator AND SPIES ARE SOCIALLY OPRRESSED ARE SOCIALLY OPPRESSSED How far-off do you typify off with this statement? Social Oppression is a main theme explored by issue the deuce tragic novels, The Go-Between and Spies. Throughout the novels, L. P. Hartley and Michael Frayn success in full convey the idea, finished the go for of their main shells, the effects of amicable oppression and single out divide. exploitation domainy techniques they establish how straighten out and oppression had power over the state of the Victorian era.And charge aft(prenominal) the turn of the century, People were put away detain in the shadows of the past era. Both novels ar told as flashbacks taking us through the operates of two main protagonists. The climax of both novels lead to the sack of two male characters due to oppression. This gives us the idea that men were downstairs greater pressure from social oppression. Considering, Marian and Ted are ca ught to lounge or soher two bodies moving wish peerless in the squalid out hold but as provided only when Ted rec every(prenominal)s his brio. king of beasts, macrocosmacutely alert of social low quality swings to the original opposite as he aspires to be a member of the h all in all. social lion, a foreigner in the ball of emotions, a character so fanciful and sensitive dejects invited into the world of Brandham hall in the summer of 1900. With Marcus thinking he was corresponding them from the sophisticated sound of his home Court Place. He sees himself as lower class and a mere mortal among gods and goddesses. He characterises the members of the hall as figures of the zodiac. Marian is the virgin of the zodiac pure and innocent. To him she is the key to the in all pattern, the climax, the coping-stone, the goddess. Heinsisted on thinking of them as angels no matter what because they belonged to the zodiac. social lion, a strugglee of the social dispute, feels standardized a misfit among these smart rich pile. He is determined to keep his class a secret even though Mrs Maudsley had the ability to fix you comparable a pinned butterfly with her gaze. He overlooks the authentic care of his own beat and comments that she would be socially unimaginable she would make a bloomer and prepares to bear the humiliation by himself. social lion being so young, had no make have provokeledge of the events and property roughly them. This want of sleep togetherledge and naivety makes him lost in a sophisticated world of adults and he finds his way to destruction.Leo, with the weather defying him, after he learns from Marcus that only cads adopt their school clothes in the holidays. He starts to think of clothes as badges of social berth and takes an offer from Marian to take him to Norwich tomorrow and get him a new outfit. This makes to a greater extent highly alert of his social inferiority as he has only fifteen shillings and eight penc e half penny as she adds that doesnt matter, weve got some. This opens way for Marian to take avail of Leos malleability and he shapes Mercury for Ted and Marian as he gets involved with the illicit love interest.Leo admits hes a super snob and this snobbish, naive and bigoted character failed to allow him meet the danger of his work until its earlier too late and the anguish is already done. He fails to realise what spooning is due to his neglect of knowledge he could only have the thought of Ted Burgees as her spooning partner. He gets a jet-propelled plane suit and a green bike as Marian felt green is his true colour and is cry outed a jumplock. After all these he hush fails to realise hes been mocked but rather still seeks for adventure thinking of himself as a figure of fun. The shameful ending is caused by Leos naivety and lack of knowledge.He fails to realise the trauma disaster around him until it leads to the demolition of Ted after the virgin and the wate r carrier are caught together two bodies moving human beingage one. Un a kindred Leo, who Marcus his booster station is nice too, Stephen back ups a worse oppression as hes hu globeipulated and pressured by his own friend his age Keith. Like Leo he feels like a misfit everywhere as he comments that he doesnt rather fit with the pigtailed Geest girls and the oil stained Avery boys, but he nevertheless still aspires to be part of the clan like Leo bus still acknowledges and accepts the fact that he never will.Unlike Leo, Stephens low class was known to everyone and he couldnt even dare to keep it a secret. He was the other ranks and strange Leo, although he felt the class difference he was still grateful to be so. He went to a different school all in all from Keith with uniforms socially coded for ease of reference. He lived in a semi-detached accommodate attached to the pinchers making the complete situation even more shameful. While his friend Keith lived in a nominate wi th white wicket gates with a neat red brick path that curves through rose beds.He felt like he wasnt even noneworthy of the Haywards as he reads The Haywards were impeccable and yet they tolerated him and Mrs Haywards incomprehensible niceness. Stephen like Leo, has the colour green associated with them as Stephen admits everything most me was plainly green. Stephen didnt dare to go against Keiths orders as Keith was the attracter and he was the led. Stephens feeling of social inferiority to Keith allows Keith to run and intimidate Keiths life as Stephen sees Keith as the first in a whole series of dominant figures whose disciple I became.Stephen sees himself as the undersized boy with the teapot ears following his powerful friend open mouthed and trustful. Stephen is much more different from Leo as he doesnt hide who he is and isnt ashamed of who he is. Both boys however are associated with symbols. Stephen is associated with the Privet as Leo is associated with Mercury. Bo th boys are completely unaware of sex and its this lack knowledge that makes Leo non realize what spooning is and Stephen misinterprets the Xs and in Mrs Haywards diary. Both boys become messengers for illicit love affairs and dont realise what theyre been used for.Being naive and snobbish like Leo, Keith fails to realize the relationship surrounded by Uncle neb and Mrs Hayward. He doesnt realize why a man will be in the barns. This naivety prevents him from realising Mrs Hayward may have gone into the barns even as he says theres only one way to go and thats left, if you go right it leads to the tracks. He doesnt think Mrs Hayward for one minute will go into the tracks. When they realize Mrs Hayward world power have go into a house in the lanes, he says they couldnt pursue their project Germans we might be able to deal with, these people we certainly cant.He didnt realise he was German and even detested the thought a German as it was during the war time and being German in B ritain at that point would be a sign of betrayal and a huge deal. Both boys hard affected by class, and sexual awakening lead them to events that affect them end-to-end their lives and see the need to reconcile their past with their future as Leo says the facts of life were a mystery to me. Their lack of knowledge cant be conglomerationly blamed on them but rather the times and conditions they lived in.They lived in a party where even girls could grow into women and not know where children were given turn out to from or know what awaited them on their wedding night. Children were forbidden to know nor talk just about Sex. They were not allowed to know a lot of things. It was like a society with an adult world and a childrens one because knowledge in the society then, was a package combined with loss of innocence. Just like Stephen begins to know more and starts sightedness the path ahead as darker tunnels and no longer remote blue horizons.However, this lack of knowledge leav es both boys lives in a complete shatter especially that of Leo. The Climax of the novel, leaves Leo like a train going through a series of tunnels sometimes in the dark not knowing. He lives with himself thinking he was accountable for the death of Ted Burgees as he comments that the tidings of Teds self-destruction came to me voicelessly as he haunted him. He lives thinking in destroying the belladonna he had excessively destroyed Ted and peradventure destroyed himself. He was left a lonely man sit alone in a drab flowerless room.While Stefan was left with a marriage that was never quite a real marriage. With worse troubles than anyones ever had before. He thinks he was responsible for the death of Uncle peter as he struggles to figure out where he belonged. Hartley used the social grammatical construction of his main protagonist Leo, who admits that he had destroyed Ted as a vehicle for expressing the power of the class structure over the societys actions with Ted serving as the scape goat shooting himself after the findings of Mrs Maudsley in the outhouses to avoid the societal write down and spare Marian the embarrassment.Ted was ladened by his lack of social spot as Denys doesnt fail to say we dont know him socially of course and his lack of money as he rents his land from Lord Trimingham. Hartley makes reference to the class range in the society using the complex sub-textual elements of the interaction among the main characters especially with he relationship between Marian Maudsley and Ted Burges . Marian states that Ted and I were lovers their love was a bonny thing but yet they couldnt be together due to the distinction in their social class and her expectations to link an aristocrat.The villagers admire them and feel if it wasnt for the difference what a handsome pair theyll make. Ted Burgees isnt ashamed to tell anyone about his low class as he admits to Leo Im a lovable friend of hers but doesnt hesitate to say but not the sort she goe s about with. However, he feels insecure about it and looks at himself critically all over and even Leo notices that the more clothes he put on, the less he looked himself. Ted seemed to have been a comfortable man before any illicit love affair with Marian as the villagers see his change as a emergent one and ask whats come over Ted? To be shy with ladies? This implies he was a ladys man and was content with his work life as he admits Im not what you call a gentle-man farmer. Trimingham, on the other hand, was a Lord whose clothes, unlike Teds, seem to be a part of him. Hes an aristocrat and a gentle-man who t all(prenominal)es Leo nothing is ever a ladys fault. Unlike Ted, he had an ambiguous social position as he was penniless yet his aristocracy strengthened his social status and was seen as an emblem of the golden age.Trimingham however, despite all these odds, was laden by his lack of money and the defects of his face from the Boer war. He was frightfully ugly and we learn from Marcus that he doesnt like you to feel begrimed for him. Hartley contrasts his hideous sick shaped scar that ran from his eye to the corner of his mouth with the image of war making him a hero with a punctuate of the hospital and battlefield. Trimingham is the gentle, chivalrous re boonative of a dying tradition, flush the scars of an impersonal war.A complex symbol, he is two-sided, like Janus, like the war, conflict and suffering for which in some ways he standsentities which can be evil, the extend of passion and pride and the fear of losing face, but which can also be good, the nurturer of strength, humility, self-discipline, compassion, the gaiety having the background of hospital and battle-field. Hugh is two-sided like the traditions of the British nobility, like the blind-in-one-eye chivalry which insists that nothing can ever be a ladys fault, like the patriotism which sends soldiers off to kill the Boer, whos not a bad feller but who happens to be the present tar get.When Leo first sees Trimingham he immediately concludes itll be impossible to like him and so doesnt expect Marian to espouse him after he learns from Marcus that Mama wants Marian to marry him. His lack of money makes him still go forward to marry Marian even after the virgin and the water-carrier are caught together, two bodies moving like one. Marian still becomes lady Trimingham. He was so deeply oppressed that even Leo comments that His life could never have been a good life.He was a respectable man from a family of aristocracy, yet had no money pushing him to still marry a woman who had become a figure of shame to get himself some money. Also because of his strong belief that nothing was ever a ladys fault Uncle calamus on the other hand, whos very absence, was a kind of presence was a man with no status in the society living beyond the edges of civilisation but his presence lied in the glory of Uncle Peter a RAF pilot meant to be flying barrage missions over Germany.W ar plays a role in both novels as Frayn and Hartley use Uncle Peter and Trimingham to further show the effects of war on societal men. In Uncle Peters case however, it led to his destruction and the end of his life. It was his major source of oppression as he now had to live in the lowest of the lowest, the Barns. Unlike Trimingham whos still fully worship and idealised even much more after the war, we cant say the same about Uncle Peter.Indeed he was idolised and his iconic status still remains with Auntie Dee, as Stephen tells us the untidiness of their house glowed with a kind of sacred light, like a saint and his attributes in a religious painting. This image is a different man from the man in the barns who is now that low in the table of charitablekind precedence. This painting is nothing close to that of war hero. As the teller unveils the mystery we find out he has betrayed his country, deserted his duties under the submit youre up there in the darkness five degree Cels ius miles away from home and suddenly the darkness is in you as sound.The man at the Barns and Uncle Peter are two different beings. unmatched is a desperate, sick broken, deserted individual and the other whose eagle on his hat spreading its gilt wings protectively over the children of the Close. Should Uncle Peter have tried to rejoin the society, he would have brought shame and disgrace upon his family as Uncle Peters iconic status was what reflected on Auntie Dee as even their untidy house glowed with a kind of scared light, like a saint and his attributes in a religious painting. He is oppressed by the war effects and love as Trimingham and Ted.In his own case, he has marital the wrong sister and at the same time gone from being a hero, to a man that low in the table of human precedence. He has nothing to offer the woman he loves like Ted who has nothing to offer Marian other than love. He has but a map with the one word Forever. He lives with images of the war fully fresh in his head saying you cant think, you cant move, Everythings drowned by this great howler monkey of terror in the darkness as he struggles to close his mind to the retention by using second person, refusing to acknowledge them as his own experience.Like Leo is traumatised by the death of Ted, as he claims the tidings of Teds suicide came to me voicelessly, and haunted me, Uncle Peter lives with the trauma of the war and describes it as blood-red velvety in the crown above the eagle. He describes his plight and says it gets a bit leak, lying here and likens himself to a dicky engine. Uncle Peter deeply oppressed by the war, explains his plight to Stephen saying you start vie some game, and youre the brave one, youre the great hero,But the games goes on and on, and it gets more and frightening and unfortunately for Uncle Peter the end result is death.His death remains ambiguous as we cant ascertain if he killed himself like Ted, or if he was killed or perhaps had an accident. Maria n Maudsley a beautiful godess from Brandham hall an upper middle classed family in late-Victorian England with her hair glittery with sunshine and pale rose-pink face. She has so many social expectations from both her family and the society. Best of all shes expected to make a good marriage. It was like she was the climax, the key to the whole pattern. She was in the middle of a cross battle with her emotions.Torn between the man she must marry to give her and her family the aristocracy they desire and the man who she shared a beautiful thing and believed were do for each other. Marian was tough like her mother as they were like two steel threads crossing each other, but her face reflected all the misery she had been going through. She was oppressed by her social class and expectations, her Love for Ted and like her mother, shes expected to be a good hostess, moral, and keep her emotions and family under control by marrying Trimingham.However, Marian is a very deceptive character as she lies to her mother on her seeing someone in Norwich as she hurriedly said Not a cat we were hard at it all the time. She also thinks she can marry Trimingham and carry on with her affair with Ted. Being the virgin of the zodiac, associated with the Attropa Belladonna. She was a beautiful creature yet poisonous. So was the Attropa Belladonna as leo says I knew that every part of it was poisonous, but I knew that it was beautiful. Marian was a barbarous and heartless character to an extent.She was a snob as Leo towards Trimingham on some(prenominal) occasions. She knew fully well there was no future for her and Ted and is fully aware she must marry Trimingham. She says to Leo I savings bank over when Leo asks her why she slang marry Ted and admits to him that She must marry Trimingham. Shes a selfish character, as Ted has scarified all he has for her, he rents his farm from Trimingham and knows he can loose it and is willing to take that risk. She however, takes no serios risk as she has her eyes set on aristocracy.She lures him into cunning which leaves the young man dead and she ends up as Lady Trimingham. She uses Leo as the Go-Between between her and Ted and still calls the young boy names like shylock, she tells her brother Marcus that green is a suitable color for Leo. She takes advantage of the love Trimingham has for her as she threatens that she wont marry him if Ted goes and is willing to go as far as saying that Blackmails a game two can play at. Marian sees Teds suicide as wishy-washyness and tells Leo Ted is as weak as water.Marian is sometimes nice to Leo, ut however, all her niceness towards him eternally had a motive behind it. She takes him to Norwich so she can get the run a risk to see Ted, she buys him a bicycle to make the message delivery fast-paced between her and Ted. However, it could be argued that it was all out of frustration. Her eyes showed that she couldnt trust herself to speak, and had a hard bed to lay on. Mari an Maudsley was the climax of the whole story. She was responsible for Teds death and the calamity that befell Leo. She was still selfish even at old age not to admit to her faults.She continued to live in her self-deception and somehow made herself believe she was still a popular important figure in the hall telling Leo People come in shoals I almost have to turn them from the door Everyone knows about me. Her grandson is left to suffer the consequences of her actions. Michael Frayn uses imagery, metaphor, and irony to present Mrs. Hayward in different ways. Through these techniques, Frayn dramatically and beautifully contrasts Mrs. Haywards calm, composed manner at the start of the novel with her serious, emotionally overwrought side. Mrs.Hayward who is introduced with the six letters My mother is a German Spy, a character of grace and serenity always cheerful. Shes presented as an elegant and respectable character like Mrs. Maudsley and Marian who are under pressure but cant show it. She was almost a perfect being to the extent that even her chickens lived irreproachably elegant lives, parading haughtily about a spacious kingdom. However, Mrs. Hayward was oppressed by her social expectations to always keep a high chin and her house in order and It becomes part of her to conceal her true nature . Also by her husband Mr.Hayward whose character is a bully inflicting pain on his married woman that even in the heat of summer she still wears a cravat pinned high around her neck. It can be argued she did this to hide the bruises inflicted on her by her violent husband Mrs. Hayward cant leave her marriage because once she got married to mr. Hayward, being in that period, all her rights , properties and even her identity ceased to exist. By law she was under the complete and total supervision of her husband. Mr. Hayward carefully watches is wife and this is why she has to send Stephen to carry a message to Uncle Peter.A woman was Barred by law and custom from get into trades and professions by which they could support themselves, and restricted in the possession of property, woman had only one means of livelihood, that of marriage. She keeps a diary with Xs and s representing her period and sex life. We know she has a distant relationship with her husband, and seems vaguely scared of him, so who shes having sex with is untold. Later on, we see she has Uncle Peter in her bosom perhaps the Xs indicated his reciprocated love. Like Marian, she cant be with the man she loves.

Part Three Chapter VII

VIIUp in the little white house that sat high above the town, Simon terms fretted and brooded. Days passed. The accusatory post had vanished from the message boards, but Simon remained paralysed. To impound his candidacy might seem like an admission of guilt. The police had non come knocking about the computer Simon half regretted throwing it off the obsolete bridge now. On the other hand, he could not decide whether he had imagined a enjoying grin from the man behind the till when he handed over his credit card in the garage at the foot of the hill. There was a lot of talk about redundancies at work, and Simon was still afraid of the contents of that post coming to the bosses ears, that they might hold on themselves redundancy pay by sacking himself, Jim and Tommy.Andrew watched and waited, losing commit every day. He had tried to show the world what his father was, and the world, it seemed, had merely shrugged. Andrew had imagined that some angiotensin converting enzyme from the printworks or the council would rise up and tell Simon firmly, no that he was not fit to stage set himself up in competition with other people, that he was unsuitable and sub-standard, and mustiness not disgrace himself or his family. Yet nothing had happened, except that Simon stop talking about the council or making telephone calls in the hope of garnering votes, and the leaflets that he had had printed out of hours at work sat untouched in a box in the porch.Then, without warning or fanfare, came victory. Heading bring the dark stairs in search of fodder on Friday evening, Andrew comprehend Simon talking stiffly on the telephone in the sitting room, and paused to listen. take up my candidacy, he was saying. Yes. Well, my per boyal circumstances have changed. Yes. Yes. Yeah, thats right. OK. Thank you.Andrew heard Simon supercede the receiver.Well, thats that, his father tell to his mother. Im well out of it, if thats the kind of shit theyre throwing around.He heard h is mother return some muffled, approving rejoinder, and before Andrew had sentence to move, Simon had emerged into the hall below, drawn breath into his lungs and yelled the first syllable of Andrews name, before realizing that his son was right in front of him.What are you doing?Simons face was half in shadow, lit all by the light escaping the sitting room.I treasured a drink, Andrew lied his father did not like the boys helping themselves to food. You stand out work with Mollison this weekend, dont you?Yeah.Right, well, you listen to me. I want anything you can get on that bastard, dyou hear me? exclusively the dirt you can get. And on his son, if you hear anything.All right, said Andrew.And Ill put it up on the fucking website for them, said Simon, and he walked back into the sitting room. Barry Fairbrothers fucking ghost.As he scavenged an assortment of food that might not be missed, skimming off slices here, handfuls there, a exultant jingle ran through Andrews mind I ha lt you, you bastard. I stopped you.He had done exactly what he had set out to do Simon had no idea who had brought his ambitions to dust. The silly sod was even demanding Andrews help in getting his revenge a complete about-turn, because when Andrew had first told his parents that he had a job at the delicatessen, Simon had been furious.You stupid little tit. What about your fucking allergic reaction?I thought Id try not eating any of the nuts, said Andrew.Dont get smart with me, Pizza Face. What if you eat one accidentally, like at St Thomass? Dyou think we want to go through that crap again? and Ruth had supported Andrew, telling Simon that Andrew was old enough to take care, to know better. When Simon had left the room, she had tried to tell Andrew that Simon was only worried about him.The only thing hes worried about is that hed have to miss bloody pair of the Day to take me to hospital.Andrew returned to his bedroom, where he sat shovelling food into his mouth with one hand an d texting Fats with the other.He thought that it was all over, finished, done with. Andrew had never in time had reason to observe the first tiny bubble of fermenting yeast, in which was contained an inevitable, alchemical transformation.

Alternative Treatment Educational Course for Parents of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Targeted Audience The word form allow serve as a learning process for the p arnts of fryren with help Deficit Hyperactivity Dis pose. This go away help p bents deal with their child and will thatched roof the p arents methods that will assist in the word of their child.Goal This will provide momentous information that will highlight factors and enchant treatment methods related to wariness Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. It will also discuss the effects of different treatment method and treatment method appropriate to an individuals age.Objectives At the end of this course, parents must be able to 1. understand causes and symptoms of minimal humor dysfunction 2. be intimate how ADHD is diagnosed 3. determine behavioral elements that may indicate amiable wellness conditions among children 4. learn treatment methods and programs 5. apply the different treatment methods INTRODUCTION economic aid deficit hyperactivity turnover (ADHD), also known as hyperkinesis, is a men tal disorder that is common to children. It affects three to five percent of the childrens conception population having a boy to girl ratio of 21 or 31 (NMHI, 1999).The disorder is characterized by persistent unmindfulness which results in signifi sternt functional impairment. It hinders the individuals capability to do task and exercise age-appropriate behavior. Healthcare professional diagnosed 4. 4 million offspring ages 4-17 years old have ADHD. As of 2003, it was found knocked out(p) that 2. 5 million youth ages 4-14 years old are under practice of medicine for the disorder. Also, 7. 8% of parents of school-aged have reported to have an ADHD (CDC, 2005). ADHD is a disorder that has an effect to an individual throughout life.The symptoms are pervasive which actor that it occurs in various setting. Researches found out that the distinct characteristics of ADHD are inattentiveness and hyperactivity-impulsivity. This paper aims to provide alternative treatment for parents of children with ADHD. In order to achieve this, one must first understand the causes, symptoms, and effects of the disorder. The educational treatment educational course will aid parents of children with ADHD on treating the disorder of their on child and on taking care of their children getting such disorder.Specifically, this paper aims to determine if the gender and educational background of parents order the consideration of alternative treatment procedure for ADHD. CAUSES OF ADHD The causes of ADHD are still undetermined but medical professionals have come up with assumptions that might have caused the disorder. The causes may be neuroanatomic, genetic, environmental, kindly, and prenatal factors (The Healing common snapping turtle On-line, 2008). The Neuroanatomic Factor The neuroanatomic sources are the fontal lobe lesions, anterior and medical to the pre-central travel cortex.Studies on cerebral caudex flows have found central hypoperfusion in the frontal lobe and decre ased blood flow to the caudate nucleus. The Healing pith On-line further wrote that The positron emission topography of parents of children with ADHD who have symptoms with the disorder have shown that thither were decreased metabolism in left frontal and parietal regions which suggest that the prefrontal cortex, which governs auditory attention, is less active among those with ADHD.Also, persons with ADHD have an abnormal low rate of activity in brain areas responsible for motor control and attentiveness. Genetic Factor It is found out by studies that children with ADHD also have close relatives with ADHD. It shows that ADHD can be acquired genetically. Researches also showed that one-third of the fathers with ADHD during their youth will fork up a child with ADHD. Also, identical twins share the same sign (NMHI, 1999). Environmental and Prenatal Factors Researches have shown a potential relationship in the midst of smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol during pregnancy.Beha vior problems are also affected by high carbohydrate and high sugar aliment during pregnancy. Lowering of blood oxygen caused by smoking, high carbohydrate and high sugar diet is critical in foetal development, specifically in the development of fetal brain cells (Healing Center On-line, 2008). Some factors that may lead to ADHD are exposure to toxins such as lead, traumatic experiences, imbalance of neurotransmitters and abnormal glucose metabolism in the central nervous system. Psycho mixer FactorsADHD can be caused by social conditions, family stability and marital conflict, psychiatric disorder, parental approach, and family interactions. SYMPTOMS OF ADHD The symptoms of ADHD are seen at an early age. The main symptoms of the disorder are inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Children with ADHD are usually impulsive, forgetful, restless to the point of disruption, prone to fall, unable to follow counselings, unpredictable, and moody (Healing Center On-line, 2008). But some of these are normal to children at untested age.According to the American Psychiatric Association (2005), ADHD can be set by the following behavior (a) playing with hands or feet or wriggling in their seats, (b) obstacle to stay in their seats when needed, (c) difficulty to maintain attention and waiting for a chance in games or group activities, (d) Answering before questions are completed, (e) difficulty to follow instruction and to do task properly, (f) changing one unfinished task to another, (g) disappointment to prevent careless mistakes, and (h) difficulty to listen. DIAGNOSIS OF THE ADHDParents observe indications of inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsivity at infantile age before entering school. But because maturity of children comes different rates, it is great to ask for the opinion of medical experts if the behavior of a child is appropriate at a certain age (NMHI, 2008). According to the Diagnostic and Statistic manual(a) in 1997, as written by The Healing Center On-line, there is no existing test to detect ADHD but recommended go in diagnosing the disorder. The first step is a to query parents. The interview must include family background, presenting problem, and developmental history.Second is asking the child some home, school, and social functioning. Third is completion of the behavior-rating scales illustrating the role of home and school. The fourth step is to tack data from school like grades, achievement test scores, current organization and, relevant information. Fifth is mental IQ test and Learning deadening screening. The final step is to give physical and neurological examinations. Parent hearing The parent interview is important in establishing relationship between the parents, the child, and the examiner.This will prove invaluable parental support with the assessment and treatment. The interview will also be a source of descriptive information about the family especially parents specific observation on ch ilds obvious problem. It will also expose the degree of regret the childs problems affecting the family, particularly the parent and the overall psychological integrity of parent. The interview will also help in formulating a diagnosis and to recommend possible treatments (Barkley, 2007). Child Interview Barkley (2007) also emphasizes the immensity of child interview.The length of time required for the interview depends on the age, expert level, and language abilities of the children. For preschools, the interview will be a time to be familiar with the childs appearance, behavior, and development characteristic. For older children and adults, they can be questioned regarding family relationship and status, problem encountered, deed in school, and social and peer acceptance. instructor Interview The interview with teacher will determine the behavior and performance of the child in school. This will help in evaluating the childs over all behavior and assessing the development of the child.

The Mayas and the Incas.

The Mayas and the Incas are two Indian civilizations that live South America and left a compressificant mark on the culture and history of these places. They some(prenominal) earn legends that link their arrival to immigration from the East however it is more likely that the immigration occurred from the north. Though these two cultures had some exchange fittedities integrity of these was non language as they had several(prenominal) differences in their native tongues. However, regard little of the differences legends perk up claimed a community of origin in the midst of these two civilizations, in the remote past.The Inca civilization has a reign of less than 200 years in comparison to the Maya civilization and has its base in the area that is now Peru. They flourished in the highlands of the Andes and their reign is estimated as being from AD 1438 1534. They as well extended into the areas that are now Ecuador and Chile. There are cogitate that show that this civiliz ation was derived from a warlike tribe that moved into the vale at Cuzco. Their reign was estimated to span from the Maule River to the Quito.In contrast, the Maya civilization emerged in BC molar concentration and lasted more than a gigabyte years in the Yucatan area of Mexico into Guatemala, Belize and Honduras. They were amenable for the creation of many cities in their judgment of conviction such as Tikal and Uxual. They too had a wide span however their system of g all overnance alter massively and there was no emperor but rather several powerful heads in all(prenominal) city. There was overly no capital letter as each city ruled itself.In terms of religious practices both(prenominal) civilizations practiced sacrificing of animals and at times of humans as well. They besides both worshipped several Gods. The Incas believed in a creator and many pitch gods. They called specie the sweat of the sun and viewed it as precious except in materials practice sessiond for ceremonial items. They focused on rituals that they believed led to healing and increase harvest. In a trait similar to the Mayas, in times of tragedy they believed in the sacrifice of humans.These times include earthquakes and drought. The Inca in like manner had a similar religion to the Inca. They also believed in several nature Gods and in the use of sacrifice to reconcile the Gods. The thought that the feeding of blood to the Gods would also appease and satisfy the Gods so that theirchildren would be healthy and their crops would be good. Religion was eventful in daily life and this is evident from the in imageation that has been attained from pottery, the walls of buildings and murals.Inca architecture was ornate. The capital city was Cuzco and this was the richest city in the Americas at that time. The temples were decorated with gold plates. There were many royal estates and palaces that were for the nobility and were constantly maintained by the builders and artisans. The Mayas had elaborate buildings as well but were more go on in their use of material.They used concrete in their construction and built pyramids as monuments to Gods and leadership. Some of these pyramids were as tall as 200 feet. They also had a distinctive style of construction. The pyramids that they built the tops were flat foreign those in Egyptian architecture. This meant that their leaders were able to climb and sit atop the pyramids.There were principally three staples in the Inca fast. These were corn, potato and a seed down called quinua. They were advanced in thinking and grew a surplus of food for times of war and drought. The quinua was the seed that was used to produce flour and cereal.Corn was used in religious ceremonies and to authorise a drink called Chicha. The Maya diet was also largely reliant on agriculture. They cultivated corn, beans, sweet potatoes, squash and yucca. Corn was the main staple in their diet. They also sourced meat from the hunting of deer, monkey, duck and wild turkey. The product that was hold in in consumption to the nobles was chocolate and was referred to as the drink of the Gods.The Incas had rulers that enforced a strong work ethic in them. Though they had leisure time this time was focused more on religious festivals. Many festivals would persuade place that were to honour leaders, Gods and to help with a good harvest. The Maya, in contrast, truly had a survey more activities. They had a plump for called pok-ol-pok that used a rubber ball.This game is very similar to what we know today as soccer. As in soccer the hands were not used to regard the ball and the ball had to be hit though a ring. This game could be very competitive and sometimes the losing team would lose their life. They also had trumpets made from conch shells and drums that they used to play melody. Some new(prenominal) instruments included the turtle shell rattles and the pottery flutes. They loved to dance and play music and wou ld honour the rulers and Gods by doing these activities.Both societies were classed societies. The Maya had at the bottom of the ladder the slaves. This was followed by the peasants, artisans, nobility, priests and the leaders at the top. There was no supreme leader. The farmers raised crops and worked hard as they did not use animals to prepare fields. Craftsmen made murals, pottery, jewellery and many other items.They also had piercing and tattoos like today but viewed beauty differently. The Inca had a similar class but with labourers below and an Emperor at the top. Farmers also worked hard and grew crops but also reared animals. The llamas were used for transport and the alpacas for their wool. The Inca painted their faces and also had piercings. They in addition had the ear of male childs pierced in a human beings ceremony and a gold disc placed in the hole. When the boy grew older this disc was replaced with larger and larger discs. This was considered to be a sign of beaut y.The culture of the Maya was very developed. They possessed a indite language and books. They also had experts in the fields of mathematics and astronomy. As already mentioned, their architecture was exceptional(a) and they constructed palaces and pyramids with great skill. The literary productions of the Maya are perhaps on of the first writings of the Americas. They utilized pictures and symbols to represent words and thoughts.These symbols can be known as glyphs and stool been found in books and walls. Their books were folded like a fan and were called codices. Their hail system was advanced and they based it on the number 20 unlike our present system that uses 10. The Maya could subtract and add. It has also been seen that they were able to plot the causa of the sun, moon and Venus. They performed calculations on the orbit of Venus that have been found to be very accurate today. Their calendar is the most accurate one from the antique world. They based their year on a 36 5 day system over one thousand years ago.The Inca culture was not as advanced and they did not have any written language. They did have the foresight to have verbal historians in their society that ensured that their history was passed along through the generations. The form of mathematics that was practiced was also not very developed. They used a quipus to reserve track of numbers. This consisted of coloured strings and knots tied. The quipu rememberers were able to translate the knots and keep track of amounts.The rule by which the quipu was used is not known today. Although notvery advanced like the Maya in many aspects the Inca were also apt in terms of architecture. The material they used was stone and not concrete however they were skilled enough to be able to fit the stones suddenly without the use of mortar. They also had the insight to build a lot of roads as much as 10,000 miles in addition to many temples, palaces and link up. Their bridges were great structures th at were made using a rope suspension method and they were advanced in terms of irrigation.The Inca and the Maya civilizations both have a lot of similarities and differences. The similarities in their religious beliefs are evident on further inspection. These may be due to the fact that they most probably have in their lineages common ancestors or roots. The belief in sacrifices as well as the similarities in some of their Gods points clearly to this. The importance that the societies have placed on religion is also evident in their cultures.One factor that can circular for the advanced development of the Maya civilization is the fact that they were an old civilization. This civilization had a lot of time to develop. The time period that they existed for was over a thousand years giving them a lot of time to develop, grow, explore and enquire the world around them and ways to improve their life. This information could then be passed along through the generations and built on and further developed with each successive generation.The Inca civilization, however, is one that was very young in age. They were around for only a period of about 200 years. This means that they were not able to advance to the degree of the Maya civilization within that timeframe. There achievements are in fact great for the limited time that they were in their prime. Their language give time, I am certain would have developed into a written language as well.Location of the civilizations can also account for differences in their diet and daily life. Though in the southern continent of the Americas the types of crops planted and reared would have varied from area to area and this would affect the type of food that was consumed by the population.The governance system of the civilizations may also account for some of the differences. The Mayas were not dependent on the governance of an Emperor and were able to function as independent cities while the Inca hada supreme Emperor. This may indeed have held back the development of the Inca as they were dependent on the genius of one individual whereas the Maya were led by several leaders in many cities.These reasons may account for the differences and similarities in the Inca and Maya civilizations. These civilizations had many similarities and many differences but were both in their own way and in their own time great in terms of their achievements and development.ReferencesStrohl, M. and S. Schneck. Mayas, Aztecs, Incas Cooperative Learning Activities. New York Scholastic headmaster Books, 1994.Baquedano, E. Eyewitness Books Aztec, Inca, and Maya. New York Alfred A. Knopf,1993.Mesoamerican Civilizations Mayas and Incas. 24th April, 2007Bleeker, S and Sasaki, K. The Maya Indians of Central America. Published Morrow, 1961.