Written Project Base on Case Study

From the case we discuss, LabCo’s accounting policy for recognizes revenue from construction contract is reasonable. According to ASC605-35-25-61, an entity†¦ shall use the completed-contract†¦ for which reasonably dependable estimates cannot be made or for which inherent hazards make estimates doubtful. LabCo Company uses a normal standard for its accounting policy which is using Percentage of complection method base on how it determine the profit (cost-to-cost method); but in contract with Halibut, LabCo experiences unexpected difficulties includes: revising design, outsourcing engineering, price of material rising unforeseeably. These are the factors that make cost estimation harder. Percentage of Completion method is appropriate under ASC605-35-25-57, criteria B, The buyer can be expected to satisfy all obligations under the contract and C, The contractor can be expected to perform all contractual obligations. Completion of contract method is used according to ASC605-32-25-90, When lack of dependable estimates†¦inherent hazards relate to contract conditions or external factors that raise questions about contract estimates and about the ability of either the contractor or the customer to perform all obligations under the contract. Percentage of completion method is inappropriate for this contract, not only because it’s difficult to estimate the cost, but also the product fails to fulfill the buyer’s need. In this case, choosing completion of contract is better decision; based on previous experience, LabCo underestimate the cost and ability of complete the contract is the main reason forces them to change the policy. Change in method of accounting from the percentage-of-completion to the completed-contract is considering change in accounting principle. In ASC250-10-45-2, it states clearly about company can use alternative accounting principle to better interpret the current financial issues. According to ASC250-10-45-1, a presumption exists that an accounting principle once adopted shall†¦consistent use of the same accounting principle from one accounting period to another†¦and with a,b criteria. Once a new accounting principle is adopted, entity should consistently practice. Base on ASC250-10-45-5, entity should use retrospective approach apply for the new accounting principle. There are three basic requirements to do: A. Back to prior accounting period, the change of cumulative effect must be showed once apply the new principle. B. adjustment of the balance of retained earning must be made. C. Each individual financial statement from prior period shall apply the new principle. In LabCo’s case, once it changes the revenue recognition principle, the prior year’s revenue will become less in completion of contract method. Retain Earning account must be higher when using percentage of completion method. Therefore, retained earnings account needs to be adjusted. For current year, adjustment shall be made to beginning balance of retained earnings. Base on ASC250-10-45-8, Retrospective application shall include only the direct effects of a change in accounting principle, including any related income tax effects. Using retrospective approach shall contain direct effects, in this case would be income tax from prior period which should be less than the entity actual paid. Disclosure, ASC250-10-50-2 An entity that issues interim financial statements shall provide the required disclosures in the financial statements of both the interim period of the change and the annual period of the change. When reporting a change in Principle, explanation of why use new principle should be included. Work Cited Kieso, D. E., T. D. Warfield, and J. J. Weygandt.Intermediate accounting. 14th. Hoboken: John Wiley& Sons, Inc. , 2012. Print. https://asc.fasb.org/advancedsearchresults

Amity Assignment

`qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyui opasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfgh jklzxclzxcvb Market Research tyuiop Amity University yuiopas dfghjklfghjklzx cvbnmqvbnmq wertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuio pasdfghjklzuiopasdfghj klzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbn mqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwerty uiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdf ghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxc vbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrty uiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdf ghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxc vbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqw ertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiop asdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjkl | | |Market Research |ADL-10 | | | | | |Preface | | | | | |Research acts as a platform for all the statistical manipulations and filtration of data and interpreting the results thereof, solving the defined problem to be | | |search upon.The role of measurement and statistics in social science research is treated sensitively and competently. | | |The term Research basically refers to search of knowledge is widely used in the area of Academics and various Industries as well. Our brain starts working and we | | |feel that it is something related to finding new areas, collecting all related information’s and preparing a consolidated report.As the management | | |students we are expected to have good knowledge and practice of these topics. | | |Hence before going into the technical knowledge of these topics let’s understand the basic meaning of the terms Research Methods.Research Methods includes the | | |concepts as they relate to a particular discipline or field of inquiry is a collection of theories, concepts or ideas; comparative study of different approaches; and| | |critique of the individual methods | | | | | | | | |Research methodology, as introduced in this book, is a means to understand the ways in which social science research produces multiple accounts of the world. | | |Further, methodology specifies how the researcher may go about practically studying whatever he or she believes can be known. | | |Regarding the organization, the study material consists of 8 chapters, well arranged in a coherent manner with an intention to serve as a study material for MBA | | |students.The different sections of this study material are: | | | | | | | | |Introduction to Research Methods, which basically describes the role of Research, the steps in the process considered carrying out a research, the different types of| | |research and brief information about ethics of a good research. Research Problem and Research Design, describing the concept, purpose and importance of a research | | |problem, the steps involved in defining and selecting a research problem; meaning, need, features and elements of a Research Design and the various types.Methods | | |of Data Collection, giving out the introduction of two types of data-Primary and Secondary, their collection procedure and the different methods and techniques | | |used in their collection. Data Processing and Analysis develops the understanding of collection of data, its arrangement and analysis. Measurement | | |and Scaling Techniques describes various types of measurement scales with the important scale construction techniques. Sampling Design helps to understand the | | |concepts of sampling and types of Sampling. Testing of Hypothesis gives the detailed concept about developing a hypothesis, its testing using various tests and | | |concluding the final result. Report Writing briefs various points to be kept in mind while compiling a report. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |2 | | Index Market ResearchADL-10 |Sl. No. |Chapter |Page No. | | | | |1 |Introduction to Research Methods |4 | | |Research Problem and Research | | |2 |Design |11 | | | | | |3 |Methods of Data Collection |22 | |4 |Data Processing and Analysis |30 | |5 |Measurement and Scaling Technique |38 | |6 |Sampling Design |50 | |7 |Testing of Hypotheses |68 | |8 |Report Preparation |93 | |9 |Key to th e End Chapter Quizzes |98 | | |Bibliography | | |10 | |99 | 3 Market ResearchADL-10 Chapter 1 Introduction to Research Methods Contents: 1. 1 Role of Research In Business Decision‘s 1. 2 Research Process 1. 2. 1.Selecting a Topic 1. 2. 2. Literature Search 1. 2. 3. Discussion with â€Å"Informants and Interested Parties† 1. 2. 4. Sampling 1. 2. 5. Formulating your hypothesis 1. 2. 6. Questionnaire Design 1. 2. 7. Fieldwork 1. 2. 8. Data Processing 1. 2. 9. Statistical Analysis (Hypotheses Testing) 1. 2. 10. Assembly of Results 1. 2. 11. Writing up The Results 1. 3Types of Research 1. 3. 1 Exploratory Research 1. 3. 2 Descriptive Research 1. 3. 3 Analytical Research 1. 3. 4 Causal Research 1. 3. 5 Quantitative Research 1. 3. 6 Qualitative Research 1. 3. 7 Conceptual Research 1. 3. 8 Modeling Research 1. 4 Criteria of good research 1. 5 Ethics of Research 4 | | |Market Research |ADL-10 | | | | | | | | | | | |1. 1 Role of Research in Business Decision‘s | | | | | |R esearch is a process of using the methods of science to the art of management for decision- making. Every organization operates under some degree of uncertainty. | | |This uncertainty cannot be eliminated completely, although it can be minimized with the help of research methods. Research is particularly important in the decision | | |making process of various business organizations.To choose the best line of action (in the light of growing competition and increasing uncertainty); it is very | | |important that one should be able to gather all the data, analyze it and reach to the appropriate decisions. Research in common context refers to a search for | | |knowledge. It can also be defined as scientific and systematic search for gaining information and knowledge on a specific topic or phenomena. In | | |management research is extensively used in various areas. Research provides a base for your business sound decision – making. There are three parts involved in any | | |of yo ur systematic finding: Implicit question posed, explicit answer proposed and Collection, analysis, and interpretation of the information leading from the | | |question to answer Illustration. Research comprises of defining and redefining problems, formulating hypothesis or suggested solutions; making | | |deductions and reaching conclusions; and at last carefully testing the conclusions to determine whether they fit the formulating hypothesis?. | | | | | | | | |Market Research has become an important part in management decision-making. Marketing research is a critical part of such a Market intelligence system; it| | |helps to improve management decision making by providing relevant, accurate, & timely information. Every decision poses unique needs for information gathered | | |through marketing research.Thus, we can say that marketing research is the function that links the Consumer, Customer, and the public to the marketer | | |through information used to identify and define market ing opportunities and problems; Generate, Refine, and evaluate marketing actions and monitor marketing | | |performance; improve understanding of marketing as a process. | | | | | | | | | | | |1. Research Process | | | | | |1. 2. 1. Selecting A Topic: Topic is related to the area of interest. | | | | | |1. 2. 2. Literature Search: A researcher should be aware of the current research in the related area and further scope of expansion. | | | | | |1. 2. 3. Discussion with â€Å"Informants and Interested Parties† | | | | | |1. 2. 4.Sampling (described in Chapter VI) | | | | | |1. 2. 5. Formulating Your Hypothesis (described in Chapter VII) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |5 | | | | |Market Research |ADL-10 | | | | | |1. 2. 6. Questionnaire Design -Translating the broad objectives of the study into questions that will obtain the necessary information. | | | | | |1. 2. 7. Fieldwork – Collection of data through questionnaire or interview | | | | | |1. 2. 8. Data Processing à ¢â‚¬â€œ coding and inputting the responses | | | | | |1. 2. . Statistical Analysis (hypotheses testing) | | | | | |1. 2. 10. Assembly of Results | | | | | |1. 2. 11. Writing up the Results- drawing conclusions / interpretations and relating the findings to other research. You will have been given separate notes on report | | |writing. | | | | | |1. Types of Research | | |A research can be classified as follows | | | | | |1. 3. 1 Exploratory Research | | | | | |1. 3. 2 Descriptive Research | | | | | |1. 3. Analytical Research | | | | | |1. 3. 4 Causal Research | | | | | |1. 3. 5 Quantitative Research | | | | | |1. 3. 6 Qualitative Research | | | | | |1. 3. Conceptual Research | | | | | |1. 3. 8 Modeling Research | | | | | | | | |1. 3. 1 Exploratory Research: – The Exploratory Research structures and identifies new problems; it is an initial research which is commonly unstructured, ? informal? | | |research that is undertaken to gain background information about the gen eral nature of the research problem, without having any specific end-objective.It is | | |usually conducted when the researcher does not know much about the problem and needs additional information or desires new or more recent information. A research | | |that analyzes the data and explores the possibility of obtaining as many as relationships as possible between different variables of the study. | | |Ex: – Literature Survey, Experience survey. | | | | | | | | |1. 3. 2 Descriptive Research: – Descriptive research is more rigid than exploratory research, this research carries out specific objectives and hence it results to a| | |definite conclusion. Descriptive research is undertaken to provide answers to questions of who, what, where, when, and how – but not why.For example, it describes | | |users of a product, determines the proportion of the population that uses a product, or predicts future demand for a product or describes the happening of a certain | | | | | | | | | | | |6 | | | | | |Market Research |ADL-10 | | | | | |phenomenon. As opposed to exploratory research, if you are doing descriptive research you should define questions, people surveyed, and the method of analysis prior | | |to beginning data collection. | | | | | | | |1. 3. 3 Analytical research: – This type of research is used where information is already available, and analyzes these to make a critical evaluation of the material. | | |Analytical research takes descriptive research one stage further by seeking to explain the reasons | | |behind a particular occurrence by discovering causal relationships. Once causal relationships have been discovered, the search then shifts to factors that can be | | |changed (variables) in order to influence the chain of causality.Typical questions in analytical research are: What factors might account for the high drop-out | | |rate on a particular degree programme? | | |Typical methods used in analytical research include: | | | | | | | | |[pic]Case studies [pic]Observation [pic]Historical analysis [pic]Attitude surveys [pic]Statistical surveys | | | | | |1. 3. 4 Causal Research: – Casual Research seeks to find cause and affect relationships between variables.It accomplishes this goal through laboratory and field | | |experiments. | | | | | | | | |1. 3. 5 Quantitative Research: – This research answers the questions about data that can be measured in terms of quantity or amount. It is applicable to | | |phenomena that can be expressed in terms of quantity. | | | | | | | | |1. 3. 6 Qualitative Research: – This research involves analysis of data such as words (e. g. , from interviews), pictures (e. g. , video), or objects (e. g. , an | | |artifact).Answer questions about nature of phenomena in order to describe phenomena and understand it from the participant‘s point of view. | | | | | | | | |1. 3. 7 Conceptual Research: – This type of research is related to some ideas or th eory and generally used by philosopher. | | | | | | | | |1. 3. 8 Modelling Research: – This type of research is related to business situation where business situation is formulated into different types of model. | |Ex:-Mathematical model, simulation models | | | | | | | | |1. 4 Criteria of good research | | | | | | | | |One thing that is important is the research work and the studies meet on the common ground of the scientific method. One expects scientific research to satisfy the | | |following criteria. | | | | |1. The purpose of research should be clearly defined and common concepts be used. | | | | | | | | |7 | | | | | |Market Research |ADL-10 | | | | | |2.The research procedure used should be described in sufficient detail to permit another researcher to repeat the research for further advancement. | | |3. The procedural design of the research should be carefully planned to yield results that are as objective as possible. | | |4. The researcher should report with comple te frankness, flaws in procedural designs and estimate their effects upon the findings. | | |5. The analysis of data should be sufficiently adequate to reveal its significance and the methods of analysis used should be appropriate. | | |6. Conclusion should be considered to those justified by the data of the research and limited to those for which the data provide an adequate basis. | | |7.Greater confidence in research is warranted if the researcher is experienced, has a good reputation in research. | | | | | |In other words we can state the qualities of a good research as under: | | | | | | | | |1. Good research is systematic: it means that research is structured with specified steps to be taken in a specific sequence in accordance with well defined set of | | |rules. | | |2.Good research is logical: this implies that research is guided by the rules of logical reasoning and logical process of induction and deduction are of great | | |value in carrying out research. | | |3. Good r esearch is empirical: it implies that research is related basically to one or more aspects of real situation and deals with concrete data that provides a | | |basis for external validity to research results. | | |4. Good research is replicable: this characteristic allows research results to be verified by replicating the study and thereby building a sound basis for | | |decisions. | | | | | |1. Ethics of Research | | | | | | | | |As a profound social activity, research connects us to those who will use it, to those whose research we used, through them, to the research that our sources used; | | |Hence beyond technique, we need to think about ethics of civil communication. In addition to construction of bonds within any community, ethics deal with a range of | | |moral and immoral choices; Research challenges us to define individual moral principles; Academic researchers are less tempted to sacrifice principle for a| | |gain than commercial researchers. Plagiarism, claiming credit f or results of others, misreport sources or invent results, data with questionable accuracy, destroy | | |or conceal sources and data important for those who follow beyond simple moral. Do not to what we should affirmatively do, i. e. concern for the integrity of the | | |work of the community combined with narrow moral standards with the larger ethical dimension. Research done in the best interests of others is also in your own | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |8 | | | | |Market Research |ADL-10 | | | | | |End Chapter quizzes: | | | | | |1. Research, in management, forms a base for a) Gathering knowledge | | |b) Interpretation of information | | |c) Business decision-making d) Reaching to conclusions | | | | | | | | |2. In research process, what is the next step after Defining the problem definition? | |a) Determine the Sampling design b) Review of Literature | | |c) Hypotheses Testing | | |d) Data interpretation and analysis | | | | | | | | |3. A research that analyzes the data and explores the possibility of obtaining as many as relationships as possible between different variables of the study, is | | |known as: | | |a) Exploratory Research | |b) Analytical Research | | |c) Quantitative Research d) Descriptive Research | | | | | | | | |4. Observations, case studies and surveys are methods which are implemented under: | | |a) Quantitative Research b) Analytical Research | | |c) Conceptual Research d) Exploratory Research | | | | | | | | |5.Mathematical and simulation models are examples of: | | |a) Descriptive Research b) Conceptual Research c) Qualitative research | | |d) Modeling Research | | | | | | | | |6. Which statement, out of the following, doesn‘t cater to the Research Ethics? | | |a) Concern for the integrity of the work b) Define individual moral principles | | |c) Plagiarism | | |d) Work community with moral standards | | |7.Research, seeking to explain the reasons behind a particular occurrence by discovering causal r elationships, can be defined as: | | |a) Causal Research | | | | | |9 | | Market ResearchADL-10 b) Modeling Research c) Qualitative Research d) Analytical Research 8. A descriptive research describes the users of a product, determines the proportion of the population that uses a product, or predicts future demand for a product a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Disagree d) Strongly disagree 9. Quantitative Research does not deal in: a) Figures b) Amount c) Relationships d) Quantities 10. Complete the statement:In addition to construction of bonds within any community, ethics deal with a range of a) Sacrifice people for a gain b) Claiming credit for results of others c) Moral and immoral choices d) Concealing objections that cannot be rebutted 10 Market ResearchADL-10 Chapter-II Research Problem and Research Design Contents: 2. 1 Introduction 2. 2 What is a Research Problem? 2. 3 How to Select the Problem 2. 3. 1 Sub-problem(S) 2. 3. 2 Statement of the Problem 2. 3. 3 Steps Involved In D efining A Problem 2. 4 Checklist for Testing the Feasibility of the Research Problem 2. 5 Meaning, Need and Features of a Research Design 2. 6 Different Research Designs 2. 6. 1 Research Design in case of Exploratory Research 2. 6. Research Design in case of Descriptive Research 2. 6. 2. 1 Longitudinal Studies 2. 6. 2. 2 Cross-sectional Studies 2. 6. 3 Research Design in case of Causal Research 11 | | | |Market Research |ADL-10 | | | | | |2. 1 Introduction | | | | | |Research forms a cycle.It starts with a problem and ends with a solution to the problem. The problem statement is therefore the axis which the whole research | | |revolves around, because it explains in short the aim of the research. | | | | | |2. 2 What is a Research Problem? | | | | | |A research problem is the situation that causes the researcher to feel apprehensive, confused and ill at ease. In other words, it refers to some difficulty which a | | |researcher experiences in context of a situation and wants to obtai n the solution for the same.It is the demarcation of a problem area within a certain context | | |involving the WHO or WHAT, the WHERE, the WHEN and the WHY of the problem situation. There are many problem situations that may give rise to research. Three sources | | |usually contribute to problem identification. Own experience or the experience of others may be a source of problem supply. A second source could be scientific | | |literature. You may read about certain findings and notice that a certain field was not covered. This could lead to a research problem. Theories could be a third | | |source. Shortcomings in theories could be researched. | | | | | |2. How to Select the Problem | | | | | |The prospective researcher should think on what caused the need to do the research (problem identification). The question that he/she should ask is: Are there | | |questions about this problem to which answers have not been found up to the present? Research originates from a need that arises . A clear distinction between the | | |PROBLEM and the PURPOSE should be made. The problem is the aspect the researcher worries about, thinks about, and wants to find a solution for.The purpose is to | | |solve the problem, i. e. , find answers to the question(s). If there is no clear problem formulation, the purpose and methods are meaningless. | | | | | |Keep the following in mind: | | | | | | | | |[pic] Outline the general context of the problem area. | | |[pic] Highlight key theories, concepts and ideas current in this area. | | |[pic] What appear to be some of the underlying assumptions of this area? pic] Why are these issues identified important? | | |[pic] What needs to be solved? | | |[pic] Read the subject to get to know the background and to identify unanswered questions or controversies, and/or to identify the most significant issues for | | |further exploration. | | | | | |The research problem should be stated in such a way that it would lead to analytical thinking on t he part of the researcher with the aim of possible concluding | | |solutions to the stated problem. Research problems can be stated in the form of either questions or statements. | | | | | | | | | | |12 | | | | | |Market Research |ADL-10 | | | | | |[pic] The research problem should always be formulated grammatically correct and as completely as possible. You should bear in mind the wording (expressions) you| | |use. Avoid meaningless words. There should be no doubt in the mind of the reader what your intentions are. | |[pic] Demarcating the research field into manageable parts by dividing the main problem into sub- problems is of the utmost importance. | | | | | |2. 3. 1 Sub-problem(S) | | | | | | | | |Sub-problems are problems related to the main problem identified. Sub problems flow from the main problem and make up the main problem. It is the means to reach the| | |set goal in a manageable way and contribute to solving the problem. | | | | |2. 3. 2 Statement of the Problem | | | | | | | | |The statement of the problem involves the demarcation and formulation of the problem, i. e. , the WHO/ WHAT, WHERE, WHEN, WHY. It usually includes the | | |statement of the hypothesis. | | | | | |2. 3. Steps involved in defining a Problem | | | | | | | | |1) Statement of a problem should be given in broad general way: For example in case of a social research it is advisable to perform some field operations, collect | | |the survey, study it, and then phrase the problem in operational terms. | | |2) Understanding the origin and the nature of the problem clearly: It is essential to know the point of origin of the problem and discuss the problem with those who | | |has a better knowledge of the concerned area. | | |3) Survey all the literature available and examine them before defining a research problem. | | |4) Finally rephrase the research problem in to a walking proposition. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |13 | | Market ResearchADL-10 2. 4 Checklist for Testing the Feasibility of the Research Problem | |YES |NO | | |Is the problem of current interest? Will the research results have social, educational or scientific value? | | | |1 | | | | |2 |Will it be possible to apply the results in practice? | | | |3 |Does the research contribute to the science of education? | | | |4 |Will the research opt new problems and lead to further research? | | | |5 |Is the research problem important? Will you be proud of the result? | | |6 |Is there enough scope left within the area of research (field of research)? | | | | |Can you find an answer to the problem through research? Will you be able to handle the research problem? | | | |7 | | | | |8 |Will it be practically possible to undertake the research? | | | |9 |Is the research free of any ethical problems and limitations? | | | |10 |Will it have any value? | | | | |Do you have the necessary knowledge and skills to do the research? Are you qualified to undertake the research? | | |11 | | | | | |Is the problem important to you and are you motivated to undertake the research? | | | |12 | | | | | |Is the research viable in your situation? Do you have enough time and energy to complete the project? | | | |13 | | | | |14 |Do you have the necessary funds for the research? | | | |15 |Will you be able to complete the project within the time available? | | | |Do you have access to the administrative, statistic and computer facilities the research necessitates? | | | |16 | | | | | |TOTAL: | | 2. 5 Meaning, Need and Features of a Research Design A research design is the plan or strategy, which helps in arranging the resources required for research purpose. It acts as a path or blueprint for the researcher. In other words, it is the advanced planning of the steps to be adapted for collection of relevant data and techniques to be used in their analysis keeping different time and budget constraint in mind.Along wi th the population to be surveyed, size of sample, tools for analyzing data, interpretation of data, it also includes the budget and the time constraints too. 14 | | | |Market Research |ADL-10 | | | | | |The Design decision is in respect to following terms: What is the study about? | | |Why to study a particular topic? Where the study will be conducted? Techniques to collect the relevant data? What will be the sample design? | | |How will the data be analyzed? What is the time required? What is the allocated Budget? | | | | |Need for Research Design: It helps for a smooth running of various research operations thereby making the research efficient, gaining maximum information with the | | |minimum expenditure of time, effort, and money. | | | | | |The Research Design is divided into following parts:- | | | | | |ResearchDesign | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Operational Design | | |Sampling Design | | | | | |Observational Design | | |Statistical Design | | |(Sub-d ivisions of a Research Design) | | | | | |Sampling Design: It deals with method of selection of samples to be collected /observed for a given study. | | | | | |Observational Design: It deals with the constraints and exceptions under which the observations are to be made. | | | | | |Statistical Design: It deals with the editing, coding and analysis of the data gathered. | | | | | |Operational Design: It deals with the techniques by which the procedures specified in the above designs can be carried out. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |15 | | | | |Market Research |ADL-10 | | | | | | | | | | | |Features of a Good Design | | | | | |It should define the objective of problem to be studied | | |It should minimize the biasness and maximize the reliability of data | | |It should give smallest experimental error | | |It should be flexible enough to permit the consideration of many different aspects of a phenomenon. | | | | | | | | | | |Elements of a Research Desi gn: | | | | | |The important elements of a research design are: | | |[pic] Introduction: The Research proposal should define the research problem and the researcher‘s | | |precise interest in studying it. In other words it deals with the scope of study. | | | | | | | |[pic] Statement of the problem: It includes the formulation of problem which actually explains the objective of research. | | | | | | | | |[pic] Literature Review: It includes a review of different literatures and articles related to objective | | |of study. It is performed to get all the information‘s and researches done on the topic earlier. | | |[pic] Scope of Study: A complete study of any problem is difficult to study as it would entail an overwhelming amount of data.Therefore, the scope and dimensions | | |of the study should be delimited with reference to its depth, length, and geographical area to be covered, reference period, respondents to be studied and many other| | |different issues. We shou ld consider the time frames decided for the study and should finish it within the same tome slot. | | | | | | | | |[pic] Objective of Study: The questions to which the researcher proposes to seek answers through the study, comes under objectives. It should be stated clearly. | | |For example: | | |I.To study the nature of †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ | | |II. To investigate the impact of †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. | | |III. To examine the nature of relation between †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ and †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ | | |IV. To identify the causes of †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ | | |The objective statements should not be vague like ? to explore unemployment in India? | | | | | | | | |[pic] Conceptual Model: After completing the above steps the researcher formulates and develops the structure of relationships among the variables under | | |investigation. | | | | | | | |[pic] Hypotheses: A hypothesis is a specific statement of prediction. They refer to different possible outcomes. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |16 | | | | |Market Research |ADL-10 | | | | | |[pic] Operational definition of concepts: It involves the different techniques used in exploratory and descriptive research in operational terms. | | |[pic] Significance of study: It is a careful statement of the value of the study and the possible applications of its findings which helps to justify purpose of | | |study, its importance and social relevance. | | | | | |[pic] Geographical area to be covered: The territorial area to be covered depends on the purpose, nature of study and availability of resources. It should | | |be decided and specified in the research plan. | | | | |[pic] Reference Period: This refers to the time period of which the data is analyzed. Also it depends on the availability of data. | | | | | |[pic] Sampling Plan: It is the study that requires collection of data fro m the fields, then we should decide the population to be selected for study and the | | |sampling design. | | | | | |[pic] Tools for Gathering data: Personal and Telephonic Interviews, Questionnaire, checklist are different tools for data collection. | | | | | | | | | | |[pic] Plan of Analysis: This includes the statistical techniques used for editing, coding and analysis of data. | | | | | |[pic] Chapter Scheme: The chapter scheme of report or dissertation should be prepared to give the outlines and the studies of the research conducted. | | | | | |[pic] Time Budget: The time period of research should be decided in advance and the research work should not exceed the time limits. This leads to loss of | | |resources and extra cost is involved. | | | | |[pic] Financial Budget: The cost of the project includes major categories like salary, printing, stationery, postage, travel expenses etc. | | | | | |2. 6 Different Research Designs: | | | | | | | | |2. 6. Research Design in case of Exploratory Research: -It is also termed as Formulative Research Studies. In this case we do not have enough understanding of the | | |problem. Its main purpose is more precise investigation about the objective of study. It is particularly useful when researchers lack a clear idea of the problems | | |they will meet during the study. Through this the researcher develops more clear concepts, establishes priorities, develop operational definitions also. This means | | |that a general study will be conducted without having any end-objective except to establish as many relationships as possible between the variables of study.The | | |Research Design in such studies must have inbuilt flexibility because the research problem broadly defined initially, is transformed into one with more | | |precise meaning. This type of research lay the foundation for formulation of different hypotheses of research problems. It involves the study of | | |17 | | | | | |Market Research |ADL-10 | | | | | |sec ondary data. It rarely involves structured questionnaire, large samples and probability sampling plans. | | | | | | | |Different types of Exploratory Research | | |[pic] Literature Survey: It is a study involving a collection of literatures in the selected area in which the researcher has limited experience, and critical | | |examination and comparison of them to have better understanding. It helps in updating the past data related to the topic of research. It also helps in | | |formulation of relevant hypothesis if it is not formed. | | | | | | | | |[pic] Experience Survey: It is a survey of experiences of experts/specialists related to the field of research which acts as a database for future research.This | | |helps in generating ideas with minimum data collection. The decision making in the probabilistic situations is a complex process therefore the study of the | | |experiences of the executives/researchers can be carried out using experience survey. Bidding of Tenders, Technol ogy forecasting, Manpower and Materials planning, | | |Production Scheduling, Portfolio Decisions etc. are examples of experience survey. | | | | | | | | |2. 6. 2 Research Design in case of Descriptive Research : – It is carried out with specific objectives and hence a definite end-result.It is structured | | |research with clearly stated hypothesis or investigative questions. It deals with describing the characteristics associated with the population chosen for | | |research, Estimates of the proportions of a population that have these characteristics and discovery of relationship among several variables. It is based on large | | |representative samples. The design in such studies must be rigid and focus attention on the following: | | |What is the study about and why is it done? Designing methods of data collection. Selecting the sample. | | |Processing and analysis of data. | | |Interpretations of Results. Budget and Time Constraints. | | | | | | | |For example: to descri be characteristics of consumers, sales people, market areas or organizations. | | | | | | | | |2. 6. 2. 1 Longitudinal Studies | | |Longitudinal studies are time series analyses that make repeated measurements of the same individuals, thus allowing you to monitor behavior such as | | |brand switching. However, longitudinal studies are not necessarily representative since many people may refuse to participate because of the commitment required. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |18 | | Market ResearchADL-10 cross-sectional analysis is a cohort analysis, which tracks an aggregate of individuals who experience the same event 2. 6. 2. 2 Cross-sectional Studies Cross-sectional studies sample the population to make measurements at a specific point in time. A special type of within the same time interval over time.You can use Cohort analyses for long forecasting of product demand. 2. 6. 3 Research Design in case of Causal Research: -When it is necessary to determine that one variable determi nes values of other variables, causal research design is used. Thus the relationship between different variables is established. It is a research design in which the major emphasis is on determining a cause-and-effect relationship. When we start the research work it is not necessary that only one type of research is used, we can use a combination of two or all the three types of research. Also research is an unending process, so there may be a clue left, which can initiate a research objective for other researchers. 19 | | |Market Research |ADL-10 | | | | | |End Chapter Quizzes | | | | | |1. For an appropriate research, there should be a clear distinction between a. Methods and Tools | | |b. Purpose and Techniques | | |c. Problem and Methods for implementation d.Problem and Purpose ** | | | | | | | | |2. Which one of the following does not state the components of a research problem? | | |a. An individual or group having some difficulty | | |b. There shouldn‘t be any doubt in the mind of researcher with regard to selection of | | |alternatives** | | |c. There must be some environment to which the difficulty pertains d.There must be some objectives to be attain

Short Story Fiction paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Short Story Fiction paper - Essay Example â€Å"The Necklace† relates Mathilde’s attitude towards life and her struggle to face the consequences of her actions. The character of Madame Loisel, and its appeal to the reader, undergoes dramatic change as the story progresses. The reader is scornful of the shallow protagonist who makes her appearance at the start of the story. As the narration progresses, Madame Loisel undergoes a transformation and the reader empathizes with Madame Loisel and her struggle. â€Å"The Necklace,† is a poignant tale of human folly. It is also a tale of transformation and human redemption. Madame Loisel is a dissatisfied woman whose social pretension leads to disaster, but she redeems herself to emerge as a woman of genuine character and strength. At the beginning of the narrative, Mathilde Loisel is a dissatisfied housewife. She is constantly aware of â€Å"The contrast between her charm, her innate good taste, her beauty on the one hand, and the mediocrity of her life as the wife of a government employee, on the other† (Donaldson-Evans, 167). She feels that she is destined for better things and bitterly resents her position. Madame Loisel foolishly disdains what she has and hankers after what might have been. She spends hours dreaming of â€Å"every delicacy and every luxury† (Maupassant, 3) which her modest means cannot afford. She contrasts every aspect of her present life with the luxury that could have been hers under more fortunate circumstances: her poor furniture with exotic tapestries and glowing lamps, her humble maid with grand footmen and her simple meals with rich feasts eaten on silver platters. Madame Loisel is obsessed with the tantalizing dreams of wealth. She does not appreciate the fact that Loisel loves her and that her â€Å"hapless husband is forever bending over backward to please† her (Donaldson-Evans, 168). Loisel gets tickets to the party with great difficulty and is â€Å"disconsolate† with his wifeâ €™s tears over the lack of an appropriate dress. He sacrifices his own dreams of buying a hunting piece in order to furnish her with a new dress. Although she is married to a man who cherishes her in every way possible, she remains wrapped up in her dissatisfaction:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"And she wept all day long, from chagrin, from regret, from despair, and from distress† (Maupassant, 6). Her days are filled with sorrow. She does not derive any pleasure from life. She rejects the reality of her existence to imagine another filled with the trappings of a superior social position. Madame Loisel’s yearning for social recognition and wealth leads to her downfall. The ruling passion of her life is â€Å"to please, to be envied, to be seductive and sought after† (Maupassant, 5). She is so obsessed with the outer trappings of social position (jewelry and dresses) that â€Å"she loved nothing else; she felt herself made for that only (Maupassant, 5). When her husband secures t ickets to the prestigious party, she does not appreciate his concern but throws the invitation at his face. Although she is aware that their straitened financial circumstances do not warrant the purchase of a new dress, she rails against Loisel and â€Å"her indignation leads to irritability and depression† (Donaldson-Evans, 167). Once this hurdle is overcome, she desires jewelry. Rejecting the alternative of fresh flowers, she borrows the necklace from her friend. She is so enraptured with the jewelry that â€Å"

RELIGION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

RELIGION - Essay Example As a result, he was able to perform miracles that proved that he was a supernatural being as the miracles work against the natural laws of science and human beliefs. Such include walking on water which violated the law of floatation, calming the storm which confirmed that he had power over nature, healing the sick which proved his abilities beyond those of man and multiplication of two fish and five loaves of bread which proved that matter can indeed be created. At the same time, being man, he felt pain, hunger and rejection from his close associates which makes it easy for Christians to identify closely with him knowing that he understands their afflictions very well since he personally went through them. The identity of Jesus as God makes Christians to be aware that the one whom they are following and believed in, has power over everything and they only need to strengthen their faith in him so as to experience him in their

Making Decisions in a Legal Context Research Paper

Making Decisions in a Legal Context - Research Paper Example Answer: Not all of the employees of a registered BAS agent need be registered with the Board. However, any parties (including individuals or groups) contracted for BAS related work need to be registered with the Board to ensure compliance with relevant legal provisions. Typically, it is common for a BAS service to register some of its employees with the Board in order to meet a â€Å"minimum numbers† requirement and to demonstrate the competence of the BAS agent (TPB, 2012a). In order to manage the personal information of employees, Sophie Tiller will store information in personal records. A similar approach will be used for contracted BAS agents. Access to these records would be restricted except for Sophie Tiller or relevant authorities for auditing and compliance checks. Q2. Describe the process for managing the personal information, particularly the police checks and other personal information including Tax File Numbers, Bank Account details, personal and contact information. Answer: At the time of induction, both employees and contractors would be required to provide or sign a consent form for criminal history record check. For most general purposes, this form is the NAT 16358 that is available at the Australian Taxation Office website (ATO, 2012a). This form will then be attached to the particulars of the employee or contractor and sent to the local police authorities for verification. Once verified character certificates are received from the police, the employee or contractor would be cleared for work. In a similar manner, employees and contractors would be required to provide details pertaining to their bank accounts, personal taxation details etc. voluntarily. These details will be verified by correspondence with the relevant authorities, for example, bankers, tax authorities etc. Once replies regarding the clearances are received, these will be entered in personal record files. The records will be updated with the frequency of one year in order to ensure that they are current. Moreover, records will be kept in personal files for a period of five years before they are removed as being obsolete. Q3. Legislation guiding the business: Describe the legislation guiding this particular case study business – Sophie Tiller Bookkeeping Services. Answer: The BAS service was not required to be registered before March 2010, but new legislation has made it mandatory for BAS and tax practitioners to register themselves. The Tax Agent Services Act of 2009 (TASA) covers the area of BAS service or agent registration (ATO, 2012b). Previously, BAS agents or services did not have any defined prerequisites or other registration requirements. However, since the adoption of this new piece of legislation, BAS agents need to be furnished with minimum education requirements of either a Cert IV in Bookkeeping or a Cert IV in Accounting. Since Sophie Tiller is experienced but does not meet the minimum educational requirements, she must upgrade her educational qualifications in order to proceed with a new BAS business service. Moreover, new BAS agents are required to demonstrate a minimum of 1,400 hours of work experience while older BAS agents working under the umbrella of certified accounting and bookkeeping regulators such as ACCA are required to display around 1,000 hours of work experience. Sophie Tiller can gain an advantage since she has over 3 years of experience in the BAS service industry under this piece of legislation (ICB, 2012a). Q4. Consumer protection: How the business ensures that it does not engage in any conduct that is misleading or deceptive. Answer: Previously there were little restrictions on who could act as a BAS agent, but this has recently been changed under legislative changes. BAS agents must be registered

Ivan Ilyich Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ivan Ilyich Paper - Assignment Example Once, an accident changed his life by learning the true meaning of life. After a physical injury, Ivan found the realities of life by analyzing his family members and the services of his servant Gerasim. Before the accident, Ivan did not care for his children and his wife and ever criticized them, but after the accident he felt love and sympathy for his family. Changing in the behavior of Ivan is because of caring and loving attitude of his servant, who take cares him without any reward. Caring behavior of Gerasim describes the lesson of love and kind of humanity that goes to the love of death rather than fear of death. There is a lesson for readers that artificial life never comforts the human to live a stress free life. Genuine and simple lifestyle helps the people to care each other in difficult times and love for the family members. Spiritual satisfaction is better rather than materialistic life. The story is about the process of Ivan’s death by facing different phases in the society. The lesson of the story is great about death that love of humanity decreases the pain of death for the deceased persons and his concerned persons too. Ivan was a great gentleman before death, but an accident changed his social status. Everyone ignored him and did care him, but only a servant took care for himself. When Ivan was living a luxurious life, he was afraid of death as he never faced any pain because of materialist life. Pain made easy the sense of deceased feelings. The death of Ivan also made easy the lives of his juniors to promote at his left seat and also a relaxed life for his remaining relatives (Maude, 1886). In the story, there are two sides of life, which were faced by the main character Ivan Ilych. In the first phase of his life, he was a successful person by not having any problem. He spent a great life with his friends and his professional life and he also did not care for domestic life anytime. But, an accident

How can Coca Cola further increase their customer base in reference to Case Study

How can Coca Cola further increase their customer base in reference to marketing strategies - Case Study Example This implies that the Company has a multi-million consumer base all around the globe. Customers for Coca-Cola products comprise of retail outlets, restaurants, and local distributors, among others, who purchase the products and later sell or serve them to actual consumers. However, unlike Pepsi, Coca Cola does not refresh its brand image. For instance, the Company has been using a single slogan for decades, without incorporating new sounds and faces. This is an aspect that makes the Company get affiliated to older generations, while Pepsi is seen as the hype face of the younger people (Baron 237-241). Coca-Cola’s distribution network is also one of its strong points. The Company has the largest bottling system, in the liquid soft drinks category. This is due to the fact that Coca-Cola sells its products to bottlers and canning companies, fountain wholesalers or retailers, as well as, distributors. This means that Coca Cola mandates the bottlers to produce and package its produ cts, formulated from syrups and concentrates, into recognized finished drinks. However, as has been clear on analyzing the CSD industry, Pepsi follows a similar distribution network, where all producers are incorporated into the parent company’s operation framework. This gives the implication that, to avoid being overtaken by Pepsi, Coca Cola must devise additional distribution strategies (Thompson and John 36-42). In consideration of the nature of competition in the market, the soft drinks industry has numerous players, hence relatively high rivalry. Principal competitors, therefore, include manufacturers, distributors and bottlers of locally, nationally or globally marketed beverages. Coca-Cola...For instance, the Company should target individuals with special dietetic needs in society. The best illustration of this strategy is the recent Coca Cola introduction of Coke zero to the market. Coca Cola should embark on producing diet versions of the rest of its renowned beverag e brands. It is also notable that people prefer portable drinks like cans and plastic bottled sodas, over the traditional glass bottle. Therefore, Coca Cola should increase its plastic bottled sodas, not only in specific markets, but everywhere. This way, they will be able to cater for the large customer base comprising of travelling individuals or working persons’ with tight schedules. In addition, in order to outdo Pepsi, Co. in regard to the size of customer base, Coca Cola should focus more on foreign markets. This is because the customers in the domain country seem to be loyal to either of the two CSD giants, implying that the statistics weigh in favor of both. Venturing more into foreign markets would, therefore, place Coca Cola at an advantage of widening its customer base thus staying ahead of Pepsi. Distribution analysis As indicated in the findings section, Coca Cola has not been able to distribute their products effectively in the rural areas, particularly in developing countries. Therefore, the Company should ensure that it distributes its products to the rural areas by involving merchants and other retailers for distribution purposes.

Marketing Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Marketing Plan - Assignment Example Furthermore the report has also presented the marketing strategy by which Philip Morris can grab the intended market segment. Finally the report has also highlighted some of the contingency plans as well as the budget for the coming three years. Table of Contents Tobacco Consumption 4 Philip Morris: A Brief Introduction 5 Situation Analysis 5 Industry Analysis 5 Market Characteristics 7 Consumer Analysis 8 Competitor Analysis 8 Product Offerings 9 SWOT Analysis 9 Market Research and Information 10 Marketing Strategy 11 Missions and Values 11 Marketing Objectives 11 Financial Objectives 11 Target Market Segment 12 Positioning 12 Broad Overall Strategy 12 Marketing Mix 13 Financials 14 Control Procedures 14 Contingency Plan 15 References 16 Appendices 18 Tobacco Consumption The tobacco industry consists of a number of corporations that manufactures and sells tobacco and its related product all over the world. However among the tobacco products cigarettes are the most popular. Studies r eveal that there are billions of smokers around the world, although the figure dipped due government interventions. The interference of Governments of respective countries and banning of cigarettes in few places has hugely affected the sales of cigarettes. Also the health issues of cigarettes are impacting in the sales. Despite of the economic downturn and health issues the industry bears contradiction with elevated demands. In the context of the US market, the volume of the tobacco industry is simply huge however the industry has suffered greatly from the mid 1990s, when various states of the country had officially banned smoking of cigarettes. The states also highlighted that cigarettes causes cancer and all the companied indulged in this business knew the fact, but they intentionally understated their findings about the ill effects of it. This has led to the death and severe illness of a number of smokers around the world. Further the US government incorporated a number of polici es and laws in order to prohibit the selling of products related to tobacco. Despite of such strong rules and policies from the US government the industry maintained its strong hold. There are large numbers of cigarette companies operation within the US market and hence the level of competition is intense. Some of the evident companies that operate in the markets of US include Philip Morris, British American Tobacco (BAT), Universal Corporation, Standard Commercial, DIMON, Reynolds American, Lorillard Tobacco Company, and Vector Group's Liggett unit (Yahoo Finance, n.d.). Most of the tobacco companies operating in the markets of US spend huge bucks for promoting their products (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012). In order to be more competitive the company needs to develop a sound marketing plan which will ensure higher visibility of their brand in the market place. Hence the marketing plan for Philip Morris is developed accordingly. Now to start off with the developm ent of marketing plan a brief introduction of the company has been presented below. Philip Morris: A Brief Introduction Philip Morris is a US based firm specializes in the manufacturing and selling of tobacco products. It is the US division of Altria Group Inc. Among the product mix of the company, it gives special emphasis to its cigarette segment. The company is currently headquartered in Richmond, Virginia

A Psychological History of the German Film Essay - 2

A Psychological History of the German Film - Essay Example However, in the news coverage, the objective of the film’s original authors seemed distorted. In Wiene’s version, the story is screened with Caligari more of a conformist rather than Janowitz’s and Mayer’s intention of portraying the film as a revolutionary one. Wiene’s version of the film Caligari utilizes pictorial presentation to demonstrate the fantasies of a madman. The use of pictures bonds well with the audience, who develop a clear understanding of the background and gestures used. The film is basically a blatant expression of psychological issues. Caligari depicts how the film industry has developed from ancient periods. It uses motion pictorial presentation to convey the themes covered to its audience. Caligari portrays life amidst and after the war, exhibiting the error of Hitler. The film covers the reality that the Germans had gone through during the war and the illumination of the scenes was such that it appeared soul-oriented. Caligari presents the evolution of cinema in the 19th century as new techniques emerged.

Employment Law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Employment Law - Case Study Example She is given a post of vice president despite of her disability and continue to deliver her anticipation at the highest level that oversees the company achieve profit maximization level at hand. The problem arise in her line of work when she accepted the clothing industry to initiate and urge to contact initiatives with her subordinate group on the basis of creating a union that will oversee the fate of the employee at large. The C.E.O. and Board of Directors is furious, and call her in and threaten to fire her for allowing union representatives in the company. She meticulously relates that the law says, that she cannot discourage or intimidate employees to keep any union from addressing employees, but they again rebuke her for her so called poor judgment. The board members states that, â€Å"they will get back to her shortly.† This case reflects a lot of unlawful instances in the way she ends up being treated. The fact that she is threatened is itself a bleach of law. Kayte C lark is herself a disabled employee but her situation has fully been considered. She is even given the chance to advance to a top position despite her condition of being a female worker and above all, being disabled. The major problem seems to come in when she decides to address the issue of other workers. She feels that these workers are hardly considered by the management. Her judgment is solely correct in contrast to what other individuals proclaim. The board is protecting the company’s position in the expense of the subordinate workers and any attempt to give these workers a chance to review their working conditions through a trade/labor union puts her into a difficult situation. Given that she has been working for the company for more than 20 years, there threats hardly mean anything to do with losing her job or even her immediate position. She is protected by Title VII in many ways. She can hardly be punished for relating with her subordinates, because she is disabled, because she is a woman. A major reason why she should not face any punishment is that she not caused any positive damage to the company. While the title protect employers who discriminate based on protecting certain traits, which could hinder occupational qualifications, subordinate workers have the right to join any labor unions that would fight for their rights. Kayte Clark has no right in preventing them from joining trade unions, but instead, she can help them in achieving their right to good working conditions among other benefits. Furthermore according to the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act, workers are entitled to join any union as long as the union has been availed under the constitution act amendment. In the United States of America, we have got the office of labor-management standards (OLMS) amended under labor-management reporting and Disclosure act formed in the year 1959 which covers unions and employees of this unions based on their postal services. The L MRDA Title VI bill of rights states that â€Å" the authority to investigate a prohibition on a union fining, suspending, expelling, or otherwise disciplining members for exercising their rights under the LMRDA; and a prohibition on

Troubadors Paper Essay Example for Free

Troubadors Paper Essay It is unlikely, in this day and age, that one could be privy to likes of troubadours, as recounted in the works of Jaufre Rudel and   Bernart de Ventadorn.   Their works, A Love Afar and The Skylark, are similar in that they both speak of a love that for one reason or another has been unreachable to them.   Rudel, in A Love Afar, is pining for a woman he has never met, nor even seen, but has an attraction for based on the information he has been given by other pilgrims. â€Å"My pilgrim’s staff and cloak might shine.†Ã‚   Rudel professes to worship this love from afar, â€Å"They call to mind my love afar.†Ã‚   His work follows the path of courtly love, which is typical of the medieval era.   Rudel declares his devotion to his love, â€Å"Gladly I’d lie at her command, a captive in a Moorish land.†Ã‚   Also typical of medieval courting, Rudel speaks of physical manifestations of the love that he seeks afar, â€Å"My curse fall on that godsire’s heart, who’s cursed me so my love runs ill.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The tenor of Bernart de Ventadorn’s work, The Skylark, lacks the hope that is present in Rudel’s writing.   The Skylark, is the writing of a man who is daunted by the love that he has lost.   â€Å"Alas, I thought I’d grown so wise; in love I had so much to learn:   I can’t control this heart that flies to here who pays no love return.†Ã‚   Where Rudel felt that he had been blessed by love, even promised love by God, Ventadorn has been cursed by a love that has stolen the very life from him.   â€Å"Losing control, I’ve lost all right to rule my life†¦deep in despair.†Ã‚   Ventadorn presents no benefit from the love he seeks or sought, whereas Rudel sees benefit even if he should die in the end.   Ventadorn has been scorned by love.   â€Å"I’ll place no trust in women though I did before; I’ve been there champion so it’s just that I renounce them everm ore.† Rudel has found such promise in love. â€Å"That man speaks true who’d say I burn for naught else but my love afar; now for no other end I yearn, only to know my love afar.   Ventadorn, however, has lost all faith in women, love, and music.   â€Å"Ay! Now I fall in deep disgrace,   a fool upon love’s bridge am I; No one know how that could take place, unless I dared to climb too high. Ventadorn places women on a pedestal, but perhaps realized he had done so unjustly.   Ventadorn’s writing also suggests an adulterous nature, â€Å"Wrongful it seems, now, in my view, to see a creature love’s betrayed, who’d seek no other good but you, then let him die without your aid.†Ã‚   Ventadorn is so distraught that he swears off his writing and music.   â€Å"Tristan you’ll hear no more from me:   I leave to wander, none knows where; henceforth all joys in love I’ll flee and all my songs I now forswear.† Courtship during the medieval era was considered to be an art form.   Both of these writings bring to mind the image of the Knight on a white horse, that sweeps his lady off her feet.   Both pieces tell of love that is challenged by a geographical distance and love that is ultimately fated to die.   Both pieces are ideal examples of noble chivalry that was present in the courting present in the medieval era.  Ã‚   Both pieces place the woman in a superior level to themselves. The image created by Rudel is one of passion, with no price to high, in order to reach his love.   It is almost as though you can see him traveling by boat, â€Å"Such tracks and trails, such land and sea.†Ã‚   One can almost see him battling his way to his love.   Ventadorn paints an image of a man who is angered and retreats to his destination, which is to be alone, as demonstrated, â€Å"I say no more; I silent go; She gives me death; let death reply.   My Lady won’t embrace me so I leave, exiled to pain for aye.† Rudel speaks of his love as a lady, while Ventadorn speaks of his love as a Lady while expressing his love, but then reverts to women when expressing his anger and despair.   Troubadors admired ladies, but feared women.   Ladies were to be treasured, something to desire, while women were almost considered evil.   Both writers seem to appeal to their loves as a method of furthering themselves and their current status.

Chromatography Technique for Purification

Chromatography Technique for Purification Introduction Column packing is an integral part of the purification process in the manufacture of biologics. The goal is always to ensure reproducibility with regard to the technique to be used. Manual packing might sometimes involve several attempts to get an optimal packing as this would affect the purification process. The resin to be used in the packing process has to be well defined as it could impact on the flow rate which could lead to a reduced through put. The mobile phase is also important as the rationale behind the choice would be looking for a solvent that can pack the resin more tightly. In any chromatography technique that has to be utilised whether for the need to capture, purify or polish four integral parameters which includes, resolution, speed, capacity and recovery are always considered. Resolution is the most difficult to achieve especially during the polishing stage were impurities can be construed as having similar properties to the product. The efficiency of the column packing thus has a significant role to play on this basis as it is a good measure how consistently the column can perform. 1.1 Material: As per SOP 1.2 Key Instrument Components Bubble Trap BT1 Filter Housing F1 Inlet / Outlet Valves V001 V101 UV Sensor – QIR4 pH Probe – QIR3 Conductivity Meter – QIR2 Drain – V102 Column top and bottom connections – DN Â ¼ 1.3 Preparation of column for packing: As per SOP TRG-DSP-052. 1.4 Determination of % slurry: Procedure was followed as per instruction manual Results: Table 1 Results: Table 2 r=5cm h= 15cm 1.178 Volume of gravity settled resin for packing (Vgs) 1.178 x 1.33 1.56674 Slurry volume needed from container (SVc) (To give you the desired amount of gravity settled resin) (c) Vgs x 100 % slurry in container = 1.55574 X 100/66 % Slurry in container = 66% 2.37384 Adjusting the slurry to the desired % concentration for packing Slurry volume required for packing (SVp) Vgs x 100 % slurry for packing = 1.56674 X 100/ 70 % Slurry for packing = 70% 2.2382 Volume packing buffer to add SVp – SVc = 2.2382- 2.37384 -0.13564 Volume to be added is thus 0.13564 Litre Calculations: Number of theoretical = N Where VR = volume eluted from the start of sample application to the peak maximum = 8CM W h = peak width measured as the width of the recorded peak at half of the peak height = 0.5CM N = 5.54 X Â ² Number of theoretical plates = 1418.24 HETP = L/N Where L = Bed height (cm) As we already know N (1418.24) HETP = 15/ 1418.24 = 0.0105765 Asymmetry factor (AS) = b/a Where a = 1st half peak width at 10% of peak height (0.5cm) b = 2nd half peak width at 10% of peak height (0.5cm) = 0.5/0. = 1 As rule of the thumb a good HETP value should be at least two to three times the average matrix bead size and normally in the range of 0.0018cm to 0.035cm. Looking at our column our HETP value was approximately 0.0106 and our bead has a pore size of about 40 microns which equates to 0.004cm and this is about 3 times our HETP. Our column can thus be confirmed to be within the acceptable range. In the event that our column is not within the acceptable range several factors such as the following can be construed as being responsible. Uneven packing of the column or exceeding the optimal packing flow rate The possibility of channelling in the bed Inadequate CIP can also be a factor as this can result in a build-up of contamination in the column thus impacting on flow and other performance determinants of the column. Cleaning is also important to wash the matrix storage solution which is an unwanted entity during packing. Air entrapment prevalence of air bubbles can also affect the HETP values. The possibility of a void being present at the inlet can also be a contributing factor to the value of HETP not being within specification The choice of resin is also very important as the possibility of the solute reacting with the resin can result in an ambiguous HETP value. Peak asymmetry is an important measure in the determination of column efficiency and in conjunction with the HETP value is always used in the calibration of a new or existing column. The gold standard is the ability to achieve an asymmetry value of 1 although the acceptable range is normally between 0.8 and 1.2. An asymmetry value greater than 1 indicates the prevalence of extensive tailing while an asymmetry value less than 1 indicates extensive fronting. Taking our packed column into consideration, our asymmetry value from the chromatogram was 1 and one would generally thus expect a high efficiency and resolution. However, in the event of our column not being within the acceptable asymmetry value the following reason are the possible causes. Extensive tailing which is characterised by an asymmetry value greater than 1 as mentioned earlier can be a reason. This factor is a result of column being packed too loosely and it can be observed from the chromatogram by the peak tailing gradually. Extensive fronting is also a possible cause and it is characterised by an asymmetry factor less than 1 which is normally as a result of the column being packed tightly and would be noticeable on the chromatogram by the peaks developing slowly. Possible causes of resin/column deterioration and their remedies Temperature the resins have a temperature range that is normally specified by the manufacturers and a usually high temperature can cause irreversible damage due to loss of functional groups. It is thus important that operation should always within the optimal ranges and bearing in mind the fact that temperature maxima is only for indication. Oxidation – The functional groups are also attached by oxidation and on this basis one has to ensure that oxidants such as hydrochloric acid , nitric acid are not utilised in the cleaning regime as they can accelerate oxidation which damages the polymer crosslink Fouling apart from impacting on performance of the column can also cause irreversible damage to the resin. Fouling can result due to the presence of iron and silica for this reason special attention has to be paid to the type of resin to be used as prevention they say is better than cure. Drying out and cracking of the resin is also an important reason for column deterioration and this can be remedied by ensuring that the column is well equilibrated. High pressure -The build-up can also cause damage to the resin/column and it could be as a result of flow path restriction due to dirty or worn bed support. Manufacturer’s specification should always be adhered to in ensuring an optimal usage of the resin. The life span of the resin/column should also be taken into account and usage should always be as specified by the manufacturer. Harsh elution is another factor that is responsible for irreversible damages to resin/column. Every resin has a pH range that is optimal and this should be adhered to strictly. Conclusion: The practical experience was so interesting and brought the protein purification lectures received into perspective. A better understanding of the process was developed and the practical knowledge is quite adaptive to the day to day operation in a typical Biopharmaceutical plant.

Study of Organizational Culture and the Indian Army

Study of Organizational Culture and the Indian Army THE INDIAN ARMY is the land based branch and the largest component of the Indian Armed Forces. It came into being in 1947 when India gained independence, and inherited most of the infrastructure of the British Indian Army that was located in post-partition India. It is a voluntary service and though there is a provision for military conscription in the Indian constitution, it has never been imposed. The Indian Army is the worlds second-largest standing army whose primary mission is to ensure the national security and defense of the Republic of India from external aggression and threats and maintaining peace and security within its borders. It also conducts humanitarian rescue operations during natural calamities and other disturbances. The President of India serves as the Commander-in-Chief of the Army. CULTURE is comprised by the customs, heritage and achievements of a particular segment of society. Organizational culture is the psychology, attitudes, experiences, beliefs and values of an organization and its employees. In this case, we talk about the army. As an organization, its culture is the sum total of the activities and ideas shared by this group of people with its common requirements, customs, laws and traditions. These are percolated across the Army by the thoughts and feelings of the people concerned and are reinforced by actions of individuals and sub-groups to present a whole picture of a common and shared perception of a uniform blend of ideals working and striving towards the achievement of a common goal. By ultimately working in accordance with and in response to a single will, political and military they attain the objectives laid down for them in peace, and particularly during operations in war. This is how the Army is designed and it is mandatory that this design is followed in the best manner possible for maintaining and preserving the solidarity and cohesion of the force and its professional competence. The two epics of Ramayana and Mahabharata constitute the framework on which the edifice of Army is built. The elements of culture have been imbibed a lot from these two epics. Even in the Indian army just like Mahabharata, the good of the nation is put first rather than the individual. In terms of power distribution just like the Ramayana the Indian Army is a well structured organisation. There is a central authority of power which releases orders, the people at various levels follow orders from the superior and respect them at the same time. There are clear cut guidelines for each and every army personnel to follow and deviations from the same are not appreciated in the Institute. Army as an institute lays special emphasis on attention to details as they need to be sure of everything before going out for war. The armed personnel have both facets in their personality they are aggressive when required and can be stable when required. The Indian army has people orientation also as part of its culture. It believes more than the artillery the men are their biggest strength. They have proper training facilities to inculcate them into the culture of the Indian Army. To further understand the culture of the Indian Army we interviewed three Army personnel. The following is a gist of the three interviews What are key facets of Culture of the Indian Army? The key facets of Indian Army include a sense of bonding, they are a unit which is closely knit, an extremely disciplined bunch of people with high levels of motivation. They have high respect for what they do and their peer group. In practise, a lot of times the Indian Army does not receive its promised share of returns and hence the general moral of the troops takes a dip. This can be attributed to bureaucratic interference. How does the organisation structure impact culture? The organisation structure helps them integrate with the culture, since it clearly defines roles of individuals. At the same time it also brings in a sense of respect towards their seniors. How do the forces men get to know about the culture of Indian Army when they are recruited? Culture is imbibed in the men right from the days of training. It is a rigorous training method followed at the IMA/NDA/OTA to train these bright young individuals to become men of the Indian army. During the training period through their interactions with seniors the recruits learn more than the functionalities of the Indian Army. They say it is one the best ways in which culture is imbibed in the minds of these young individuals. What is sought after in Indian Army the larger Interest or Individual requests? Its the interest of the nation that is the most important thing for any of the armed forces men. He puts the nation before everything in his life. How clearly are roles defined in the Indian Army? Roles are very clearly defined in the Indian Army. A hierarchy structure is in place. The posting of individuals happens on the basis of role requirement and then finding the best fit. Does culture also evolve and is there scope for new traditions? Indian army is an institute which believes in continuous development for the better, at the same it believes in maintaining its rich heritage. In a nutshell it amalgamates the old and new and ensures the best is created. But it likes to hold on to its past a lot. Any knowledge of cross culture impact of the people as they come from various backgrounds? It is probably the best example to understand homogeneity in heterogeneity. The backgrounds which people come from are diverse but at the same time at the centre of their diversity is unity which binds them to guard their nations boundaries. Due to varied backgrounds, individuals learn to appreciate others and also at the same time learn to celebrate differences. How important is detailing as a facet of culture in the Indian Army? The most important facet of Indian Armys culture is detailing. One cannot go to battle field without knowing every detail of war. Special emphasis is laid on detailing right from the training period of each and every personnel. An eye for detailing is extremely important as well as highly appreciated in the Indian Army. How does the Indian army communicate its culture to the outside world? Each army personnel is the brand ambassador of the Indian army. He/She is role model for todays youth and carries himself accordingly. Besides Indian army leads by example in every aspect it gets itself involved in. But in totality the army is a very closed organisation and not appreciative unwarranted interaction with the outside world. How do you deal with someone who does not follow the culture of Indian Army? For somebody who is not in line with the culture, they are various stages of ensuring that the person is brought in line with the culture like warnings and annual reports. But if all the options dont work out then Court Marshall is also an option which is exercised where the armed personnel is made to forfeit his position and honour associated with it. FUNCTIONAL AND DYSFUNCTIONAL ASPECTS The mission statement of the Indian Army is not a very clearly defined one. On a broader perspective the Indian Army stands for the following ideology: The Indian Army doctrine defines it as The Indian Army is the land component of the Indian Armed Forces which exist to uphold the ideals of the Constitution of India. As a major component of national power, along with the Indian Navy and the Indian Air Force, the roles of the Indian Army are as follows: Primary: Preserve national interests and safeguard sovereignty, territorial integrity and unity of India against any external threats by deterrence or by waging war. Secondary: Assist Government agencies to cope with proxy war and other internal threats and provide aid to civil authority when requisitioned for the purpose. Following is the tabulation of the functional and dysfunctional aspects of the Indian Army: Functional Aspects Dysfunctional Aspects It is a highly integrated organization Interference by the bureaucracy. The bureaucracy tries to influence decision making and hence some decisions tend to go haywire, creating confusions for the people around. The motivational levels of the personnel of the Armed Forces are extremely high which is needed for the job profile that they have. Red Tapism. There is a lot of lethargy in some departments to get the things to action. This is quite unacceptable for an institution like the Indian Army. There is immense respect for an individual as well as for the team spirit. Distributed decision making. This causes some crucial decisions to be delayed. The organization has an excellent training programme, which grooms the complete personality of an individual instead of focussing on one aspect. Budget allocations are not defined within the Organization. Hence, the allocation is not even sometimes. They have extremely high standards for selection to the Indian Army, and despite a manpower crunch they have decided not to lower the selection criterion. Indian Army needs to attract the correct talent, which currently it is unable to do. This can be attributed to the lack of proper and correct information to the youth. Very good quality of life for the people who are a part of the Indian Army. Lobbying for promotions. At the senior level, there is a lot of push and pull for getting the coveted positions. This creates an unhealthy environment in the organization. Indian Army ensure a good post retirement life. Low incentive remunerations. Anomalies in the pay structure for the armed forces are a common occurrence. Indian Army provides opportunities to experience various cultures and live in various places as a part of their tenures. ACTION PLAN Based on the derived dysfunctional aspects, we can note that the discrepancies occur on two fronts: External influences Internal functions The issues caused by external influences include: Interference by the bureaucracy The Army should set such high standards that its perceived image is one where it only serves its mission and cannot be influenced. This image will deter all kinds of informal requests and interferences. This can be done by giving more autonomy to the forces in the framework of the organizations serving the country. The issues caused by internal functions include: Red tapism The Army witnesses excessive regulation and rigid conformity to formal rules that at times prevents swift action or decision-making. The organization should allow for flexibility in structure of actions and decision making. Also, it can include cutting of red tape as a policy promise. Hierarchical decision making Orders issued by Army personnel are of critical importance, and thus the decisions to these orders need to be taken on time without any delays. This can be done by empowering officials at different levels so that decisions can be immediately taken and there arises no need to wait for sanctions from the top order when it is urgent. Uneven budget allocations Studying and understanding of every departments needs, will help carry out equal and effective budget distributions. This will ensure availability of all needed resources to all departments. Poor perceived image The armys current image is unable to attract attention of the youth for new recruits. This can be fixed by better communication and public relations exercise. Lobbying for promotions It is crucial for every organization to ensure that there are no unethical practises taking place. To prevent any lobbying for promotions, the Army should give due appraisals based on merit at the right time. It should also devise a protective mechanism for all those who report these unethical practises; this will help report all such malpractices. Unequal remuneration compared to other Government Organizations This brings about lack of motivation in the Army officials. The Government must ensure that the relative appraisals in all its organizations are at par. Acknowledgement We would like to express our gratitude to Dr. Shubhra Gaur for giving us this opportunity to conduct research on the Indian Army and its Culture and to study the various functional and dysfunctional aspects associated with this organization. We would also like to thank Maj.Gen.(Retd) D.V. Kalra, VSM for helping us understand the culture and working style of the Indian Army..

architecture :: essays research papers

1. Introduction. Northlands rapidly increasing growth in population over the last few years has put huge pressure on the building industry. Many of the building companies and businesses simply cannot find enough staff in order to meet the demand from the ever increasing client base the region is seeing. Due to this, the demand for civil engineers in Northland is very high thus there are a large number of small privately owned companies set up in the area. Richardson Stevens Consultants Ltd. is a privately owned company which is run by three directors. They specialise in structural engineering and their main cliental are a number of home building franchises. They employ structural engineers who have studied civil engineering at university and also draftsmen. Working as an engineer for such a company gives the employee a whole understanding of how the company is run and managed, how problems are dealt with and the rewards of finishing major assignments on time and to a professional standard. 2. Company Structure / Products and Services Richardson Stevens Consultants Ltd. (RSC) was founded in 1997, originally they had one director and employed three structural engineers and a draftsman. It now employs nine engineers, three draftsmen, two secretaries and is run by three directors. The company is based in Whangarei and their work comes from throughout the Northland region. 2.1 Products and Services The majority of the work that RSC perform is structural engineering, however they also do a small amount of geotechnical engineering. As there is no specialist geotech engineer in the office, they have to hand on a lot of their work to offices such as Tonkin Taylor who do have geotechnical engineers. The company does a lot of domestic work for home building franchises such as GJ Gardener homes and Golden homes. Typically this would involve a site investigation first to determine the ground conditions and then make calculations based on these conditions as to what foundations are required. The housing companies all have plans pre-drawn and they sell these to the client. However the clients always want to change something around a bit, so before the housing company can go ahead and build, they come to RSC who do structural calculations in order to determine if the change is ok. RSC also do a lot of work with subdivisions. These involve the civil engineers in the office rather than the structural engineers. Before building consent can be granted to a sub-divider, RSC has to design the roading, sewer, storm-water and the surface drainage.

Evolution: Fact or Fiction? :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Evolution: Fact or Fiction? One of the greatest questions of all time is: "Where the heck did we come from?" One of the most popular answers to this question is creationism, the idea that everything was created by a higher being. Another idea is evolution, the idea that all living organisms descended from a less complex organism. Up and coming in the last century, evolution possesses a new way of thinking that is being greatly accepted by the scientific community. Despite this fact many people argue that evolution has no facts to support it and there are several reasons why evolution can't happen. Evolution is the gradual change in an organisms gene pool over time, basically evolution is described in any change in the genetic makeup of an organism. The easiest way to show this is by stating examples of low level evolution as it has been observed. The best know case of this kind happened in England during the industrial evolution. There were two varieties of the English Peppered moth before the revolution, a light and a dark colored moth. The dark moth was almost nonexistent, as it was easy for predators to catch on the light colored trees. As the industrial revolution progressed, the amount of pollution in the air turned the trees a soot color, and as a result the light moths were easy for predators to spot. The light colored peppered moth all but died out, and was on the verge of extinction while the dark colored moth was thriving. In the last several decades the pollution in England has dropped and white moth is making a come back, and the dark moth is heading back towards o blivion. (Harter) Â   The moth example is considered by many to demonstrate evolution, but people against the idea of evolution say it isn't. The only thing that it showed was that nature uses natural selection to weed out the weaker of the stocks. The moth case is a clear example of natural selection not evolution because no change in the gene pool of the moth happened. Saying that the peppered moth example doesn't show evolution is preposterous. Natural selection is one of the greatest tools of evolution, as stated by Charles Darwin in his book, Origin of Species. "It may be said that natural selection is daily and hourly scrutinizing, throughout the world, every variation, even the slightest; rejecting that which is bad, preserving and adding up all that is good" wrote Charles Darwin in chapter 4:Natural Selection.

Depth of a River :: essays research papers

Depth of a River   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Poetic expression is evolved from a web of emotions and thoughts. With the help of imagery, formation, and figurative language, a poet is able to transport readers to another world of his creation. Robert Burns uses these attributes to invite readers into world of peace and serenity in his poem â€Å"Sweet Afton.† This lyrical poem expresses the gratitude the persona feels for his homeland’s beauty, while asking nature to be quiet so his love may enjoy the tranquillity of her sleep. Burns’s use of imagery, use of figurative language, and construction with musical aspects help him convey his feelings and ideas to his readers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With the rolling hills, winding streams, and wandering sheep, Burns has created a pastoral setting in â€Å"Sweet Afton.† Burns use of imagery helps add to the reality of the poem. A reader is able to hear the blackbirds’ whistling, the dove’s resounding echo, and the lapwing’s screaming. A reader is able to see snowy feet, crystal streams, and green valleys. A reader can even smell the sweet-scented birch. Burns appeals to senses by using imagery words that create the illusion of sound, sight, and smell. Imagery helps express the persona’s feelings in his environment, enabling the reader to stand along with him in his world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Slow-moving rivers symbolize the simple life. Peace is traveling at a pace easily kept. There are no dangerous undercurrents or rocky obstacles; Afton River is gliding crystal. Burns is able to create this illusion through figurative language. He also uses apostrophe by having the persona command the river and wildlife to be quiet, as in â€Å"Flow gently, sweet Afton, disturb not her dream,† (lines 4 and 24). Much like imagery, figurative language is another vehicle used to carry the feelings of the persona to the reader.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Sweet Afton† is a poem broken up into six stanzas. Each stanza contains four lines. These stanzas attribute to the musical effect of the poem. The first and last stanzas are incremental refrains. Burns uses this repetition to emphasize his plea for the river to flow gently and his great appreciation for its beauty. The middle four stanzas each focus on a different feature of nature. The second stanza focuses on the sounds of the birds in the narrow and secluded valleys. The beauty of the surrounding hills, little streams, and the persona’s own sheep are emphasized in the third stanza.

Fahrenheit 451- The Journey to a New Montag Essay

Sometimes, people don’t realize how big of an effect someone can have on a life. What someone says can rub off, and if they are a positive person, it can make a person follow in their ways. Fahrenheit 451 is a science fiction novel written by Ray Bradbury, the main character Guy Montag undergoes many changes within himself. Throughout the book, Montag encounters many different people that make him face his real self. Although Montag might not know it, maybe others know a little bit more about himself than he even does. The old lady teaches Montag about sacrifice and sticking to your beliefs no matter what. Then Faber teaches him that books maybe do mean more than just the words on the page. Last, Clarisse McClellan teaches Montag to slow down and appreciate the little things in life that are equally important as the big ones. Montag changes so suddenly when the old lady shows him who he really wants to be. On his normal night of work Montag will encounter someone who changes his life forever. The old lady teaches Montag to take risks and make sacrifices for what you believe in. She wasn’t going to give up, even if that meant her dying for it. The old lady would really rather die than let her books go. â€Å"You can’t ever have my books,† she said (Bradbury 38). This made Montag want to act in the same way and not let society bring him down. He is now not scared to learn books and is interested in to learn more, the old lady knew she had to make someone agree with her before she died, so somebody would carry on in her ways. â€Å"Play the man master Ridley; we shall this day light such a candle by God’s grace in England, as I trust shall never be put out† (Bradbury 36). Thankfully, this works for Montag and it changes his whole perspective on books. Montag later thinks about what he has done. It makes him physically sick with guilt and sympathy to think of what the old lady did for books. He now realizes that books must mean something more than what he had thought if an old woman was willing to die for them. Deep inside of Montag, he knows that this interaction happened for a reason. If it wasn’t for the old lady, Montag would not have had this important change. Next, Faber has Montag look at books in a whole new way. He knows that without understanding the real meaning of literature, the words have no meaning. Faber a former English professor has the knowledge, and skills to help Montag realize how important books are. Faber is convinced that he will teach where the quality in books  from. He gives him the three necessary things for good literature, â€Å"number one: quality of information†¦, number two: leisure to digest it, and number three: the right to carry out actions based on what we learn†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Bradbury 84-85). This helps Montag know that literature is very important to this world. Montag needs Faber to teach him how to read and find the meaning of books. â€Å"I need you to teach me† he said, (Bradbury 88). As Montag rips pages out of the bible one by one, Faber agrees to teach him what he wants to learn. Montag is starting to change; he is starting to feel that books are a very good thing and it is all because of Faber. This is the second internal change within Montag. Clarisse McClellan is responsible for Montag’s biggest, most drastic change within himself. She shows him that there is much more to life than the big moments. Clarisse’s slows Montag down and points out the small things. But she also makes him face the truth about himself. Clarisse asks Montag a very interesting question that he was not expecting. â€Å"Are you happy?† she said, (Bradbury 10). Montag had never thought of such a simple question. In the moment, the first thing that came to his mind was yes. But after some thought, he realizes he is not. That was not Clarisse’s last question, she was still curious about Montag. She explained to him that if you rub a dandelion under your chin, and its yellow, that means you are in love. Montag’s chin did not change yellow. â€Å"I am, very much in love!† he tried to conjure a face to fir the words, but there was no face. (Bradbury 22). Right then Montag realizes that he was never really in love with his wife Mildred. As Clarisse and Montag are walking, she begins pointing out small things that Montag had never paid any attention to. â€Å"Have you ever smelt old leaves? Don’t they smell like cinnamon?† she asked, (Bradbury 29). Just this one simple thing represents all the moments in life that Montag doesn’t appreciate. At this time, he realizes he has been missing so much in life so far. In closing, Clarisse made Montag look at his life in a whole new way. As Montag continued on his journey to a new him, different people changed him in very different ways. Without the help of those three individuals who knows where Montag would have ended up. Montag is now aware of who he really is and what he is supposed to do through this series of internal changes. First, the old lady gives Montag sympathy, compassion, and guilt. Then Faber helps him find the true meaning in books. Last, Clarisse makes Montag find his true self and  lets that person come through. Reflecting on what Montag has now become, people can have a big effect on someone else’s life. In conclusion, like Montag, anybody can change for the better with the guidance of others.

Two Ways of Losing Weight

take legal and alimentary benefits your consistency when losing load unit. while exploitation an take in perturbation ca usages to a gr eliminateer extent than harm than good. I am cr sape verb tot bothyy about this subject because I produce an insight into the subject. I was struggling my exclusively childhood and I experienced macrocosm over cant and I pass water attempt everything in the book to recur freight. In the process I nonetheless had an alimentation roughness for a while and I started to bring forth re eithery un- lusty because of it. So I fin on the wholey got a grasp on what to do to eat healthy and how to exert my cant over the justly focvictimization. By doing it the typeset focusing I stick unplowed the tip off, and I feel practically healthier inside as rise as out.By ingest healthy and nutritious you bathroom have weight, and do it veraciously. A balanced diet involves the intake of take into account foods and drinks that supply nutrition and energy for the living of trunk cells, tissues, and organs, also to support expression growth and development. Based on the agribusinesss food pyramid it give include bread, cereal, rice, and pasta ( six -11 servings a day), ve keep upables (Three-five), fruit (two-four), dairy (two-three), meat, poultry, fish, dry beans, bollock and nuts (two-three), and fats, oils and sweets (you use sparingly).Portion control is a very important part you impoverishment to pay attention to. The best itinerary to valuate the right coat of a portion that is correct for your body. Is non by the instructions on the side of all food products, moreover what I have found to be true is to judge a portion by the size of your fist. On top of that what I have found to employment is non to eat three meals a day but to have five of these portions throughout the day. By doing this you will make your metabolism work even harder all day toward the tone ending of weight.The second main step to losing weight the correct expressive style is to incorporate visible activity into your periodic routine. The best substance to pay the ball rolling on this is to stay active with common chores. For event you gouge tone down and wax a car if you have one for (45-60 min), wash windows or floors for (45-60 min), Do some floriculture for (35-40 min), If you have a baby you can push the stroller (one and a fractional miles in 30 min), or you can rake the renders if thither be all for (30 min). These are a few examples for beginners to get started without wearing out your body.If you want to get a teensy-weensy more skillful right a musical mode you can use sports for your daily activity. For instance you can tactical manoeuvre basketball or shoot gird for (30-45 min), swimming in the pool or doing laps for (30-45 min), ride a bicycle (four miles in 25-30 min), and then there is jumping a rope for (25 min). These routines are a little more strenuous so I would st art off small to wait on what your body can handle, then get up up a routine erst you see what you are capable of. presently I will compare how developing an eating bother to get weight will affect your body. also usher how the side effectuate are non worth it.By developing an anorexic disorder to lose weight is not the right path to take. Being anorexic essence that you dont eat food, or have no desire to eat. It is a relentless pursuit of thinness and involuntariness to maintain a normal healthy weight. The gloomy affects that this has on the body is not worth the amount of weight that is lost. or so of the less painful effects on the body are thinning of your drum (Osteoporosis), brittle hair and nails, dry and chicken skin, growth of fine hair all over the body (Lanugo), mild anaemia and muscle wasting and weakness, and severe constipation.Now there are even more severe effects on the body, they are as follows, damage to the structure and function of the heart, headway damage, and multi organ failure. To lose weight this way is definitely not worth all of these damaging side effects, especially with the stiffness of some of them. By utilizing this weight difference method to lose weight, you lower your fall health and lose vital nutrients the body needs to be healthy. When trying to lose weight correctly, there are some(prenominal) ways to do it wrong.The eating disorder binge-eating syndrome Nervosa is probably the worst resource when you are trying to lose weight in a healthy room. Bulimia affects approximately twelve individuals in a hundred thousand populations, and some reports pretend that one percent of females are affect and point one percent of males. many pack try to lose weight this way, and the side effects can scat from minimal to severe. One third of people with bulimia take laxatives and diuretics, these have the around severe effects on your body.They are chronic intestinal inflammation, irregular gut function , systemic toxicity, kidney damage, body fluid stagnation, and business pressure complications. So for trying to lose weight in this manner is un-healthy, un-nutritious, and not the correct or successful way to lose weight in a healthy manner. It is cold worse for your body and mind than taking the prison term to do it in a healthy and correct manner, so that the results are far more beneficial to you for a longsighteder intent of time.So in conclusion the point that I am trying to genuinely get across to you is how to lose weight in a healthy and correct manner instead of doing it quickly and incorrectly. The correct way of losing weight is by combining eating correctly, portion control, and incorporating physical activity into your daily routine. You can use the USDAs food pyramid to see what you should eat on a daily routine. and then you use portion control which is eating the right amount of food in a day just equivalent taking in the right nutrients, vitamins, and all the right supplements.By incorporating these things into your daily routine with loyalty and a solid routine, you can lose weight while being highly healthy. Instead of taking the un-healthy route of losing weight which is by doing it quickly and incorrectly. When losing weight using either Bulimia or Anorexia, the bad side effects out way the benefits by far. What I mean is the results of weight loss doesnt last and really doesnt make you any healthier, it comes endorse as soon as you stop. Also the damage it does on your body long term is way too far of a risk in my book, and is not worth all the bad effects it has on the body.Really you are making yourself even worse when using an eating disorder to lose weight. So take the time to do it correctly you will be pleased with the results, and you will feel healthy on the inside just as much as the outside. References Http//www. bulimiasideeffects. com/ Http Do not leave spaces around a slash mark //www. powerflexweb. com/contentLis tDetail. php? idDivision=04&nameDivision Http//search. proquest. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/docview/225013542 Http//search. proquest. comezproxy. apollolibrary. com/docview/196547053