New World Domesticates of the Genus Chenopodium :: Botany

New World Domesticates of the Genus Chenopodium The genus Chenopodium includes a variety of weedy herbs native to much of Europe, Asia, India, China and both North and South America. This genus belongs to the Chenopodiaceae or goosefoot family which also Includes spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and beets (Beta vulgaris). The name chenopodium means goosefoot in Greek, and refers to the resemblance many leaves of Chenopodium have to the webbed feet of geese. There are both wild and domesticated species of the Genus Chenonodium indigenous to the New World. Often regarded as a common weed (Dept. of Agriculture 1955), many different species of Chenopodium can be found growing wild today throughout North and South America. The most significant of these in terms of cultivar progeny and economic utilization are the species Chenopodium berlandieri from Mexico and the Southwestern United States, and Chenopodium bushianum of the Eastern United States. Common names often applied to members of this genus Include goosefoot, lamb's quarter, and occasionally pigweed. Reaching a height of 3-4 feet (the Andean cultivar C. quinoa reaches 6 feet) these annual species propagate via seeds produced between August and November. Well known as a campfollower, Chenopodium is most often found in disturbed soil with in close proximity of human settlements or constructions. Domesticated Chenopods Domesticated species of Chenopodium known today include Chenopodium nuttalliae from central Mexico, and two varieties of Chenopodium quinoa from the Andes of South America. C. guinoa has been dated from archaeological contexts as ancient as 7000 B.P. (Bender 1975:197). From the prehistoric eastern woodlands of North America, it is hypothesized that there once existed a now extinct domesticated chenopod named Chenopodium bushianum ssp. jonesianum (Smith 1987). Among these cultivated species of Chenopodium, the wild mechanisms for seed dispersal and germination dormancy have been lost, seed size has increased dramatically and the seed is light colored because of an extreme reduction of the testa (Wilson and Heiser 1979). Economic Uses Chenopods have long been recognized as a valuable resource for exploitation as food. Cultivation requires a minimum of energy and labor investment. Furthermore, the leaves and fruit (i.e. seeds) of these plants are extremely nutritious. For example, the leaves of Chenopodium albidum L. contain more vitamin A and Ascorbic Acid than the most common garden fruits and vegetables (Zennie and Ogzewalla 1977). The prodigious yields derived from chenopods are also an important factor in terms of its value as a economic resource.

Ideology in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Minister’s Black Veil Essay

Ideology in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Minister’s Black Veil Bennett and Royle in their textbook, Introduction to Literature, Criticism and Theory, define ideology as representing â€Å"†¦ ‘the imaginary relationship of individuals to their real conditions of existence’† (161). The ideology of self, of personal identity, is represented by a person’s perception of what is acceptable in their society. In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story, The Minister’s Black Veil, the minister appears before his community with a black veil covering his face. He gives no explanation for this apparel and the community becomes agitated that their minister refuses to remove it. The readers challenge is to discover why the minister wears the veil and why he won’t take it off. Hawthorne challenges the readers ideology of self with his choice of words, by showing how ideology is redefined by each subject, and by using as his form the technique of the parable. The parishioners expectations are shattered by the appearance of their beloved minister wearing a black veil over his face. Children, with bright faces, tripped merrily beside their parents, or mimicked in graver gait, in the conscious dignity of their Sunday clothes. Spruce bachelors looked sidelong at the pretty maidens, and fancied that the Sabbath sunshine made them prettier than on weekdays (Hawthorne 1) These expectations are portrayed by the way the story begins. Hawthorne uses words that suggest happiness; â€Å"bright† â€Å"merrily† â€Å"pretty† â€Å"fancied† and â€Å"sunshine†. But this ‘happiness’ vanishes with the appearance of the minister. The expectations of what is socially acceptable are challenged by the appearance of the black veil. â€Å"But what has good Parson Hooper got upon his face?† c... ...o understand the parable. A parable is used to explain something that is unexplainable and cannot be explained if the reader does not understand it. The reader is in constant danger throughout the reading of having his ideology of self shattered by the very real possibility that he won’t ‘get it’. The entire story is as obscure and shaky as ideology itself. Hawthorne’s choice of words throughout the story set up the reader for a continual bombardment of his/her ideology of self and societal expectations. Works Cited Bennett, Andrew and Nicholas Royle. Introduction to Literature, Criticism and Theory. 2nd Edition. New York: Prentice Hall, 1999. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil†. Crown College. Accessed 27 Aug 2003. http://www.crown.edu/humanities/ratledgw/ENG%20132/stories/ veilhawt.htm> Miriam Webster Dictionary. Accessed 27 Aug 2003.

Islam in morned times :: essays research papers

Mission Statement for The Study of Islam Section @ the American Academy of Religion The American Academy of Religion is the world's largest learned society and professional association of scholars and teachers in the field of religion. Through academic conferences, publications and a variety of program and membership services, the American Academy of Religion (AAR) fosters excellence in scholarship and teaching. It also aims to advance publication and scholarly communication on religion; to welcome multiple perspectives on the study of religion; to support racial, ethnic and gender diversity within the Academy; and to seek ways to contribute to the public understanding of religion. The AAR's annual meeting is held every year in late November and provides a lively and enabling context for free inquiry, disciplined reflection and scholarly exchange on the world's religions. The Study of Islam section is one of fourteen program units of the AAR and was officially recognized in 1986. It is one of the major sections of the AAR with a long-standing and committed participation of more than a hundred active members. One of the most diverse groups in the AAR, the section's presenters, panelists, and audience represent scholars at all stages of their academic careers. The section also features regular attendance and participation of international scholars from countries including Egypt, Malaysia, Indonesia, South Africa, and China. The Study of Islam section serves as a forum for current research on Islam. The annual meeting of the AAR sponsors at least five sessions related to the study of Muslim faith and practice as well as additional individual presentations on Islamic topics in other program units and sessions. The cultural and linguistic diversity, the regional and historical range, and the varieties of methodologies currently used in Islamic Studies make the section's offerings rich and diverse from year to year. The themes of the sessions fall under the following categories: 1. The study of Islamic texts and scriptures; 2. The study of lived Islam in various regions and cultures; 3. Methodology and approaches to the study of Islam; 4. Issues such as gender, liberation theology, human rights; 5. Specializations within Islamic studies including Mysticism, Law, Theology, Philosophy, Shi‘ism. Our policy is to encourage methodological sophistication, ideological diversity and inter-disciplinary discussion in our program. Shared sessions with other program units of the academy have encompassed fields such as Islamic Ethics, Gender, Islamic and Judaic Studies, and Islam and Academic Teaching, and the Study of Religion.

Bicyclists and Motorcyclists Should Be Required By Law To Wear Helmets Essay

Due to the rising cost of gasoline all over the world more and more people are looking into alternative forms of transportation. Using your car these days is heavy on the budget because the amount of a full tank of gasoline will effectively feed a family for at least a week. This is why the cost efficient forms of transportation, bicycles and motorcycles have been emerging as more popular and cost-effective ways of transportation. There is one drawback though, these are also the 2 most dangerous forms of transportation for an individual.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Riding a bicycle or a motorcycle exposes the rider to various kinds of dangers on the way to his destination. One has to admit that it is very easy to turn turtle and hurl off a bicycle while getting pinned under a motorcycle is a reality that all riders have to face. Since nothing can be done about the injuries below the neck, and considering that an EMT on the way to the hospital can usually give emergency treatment to these injuries, the injuries to the head will instantly kill the rider. This is why both motorcyclists should be required by law to wear a helmet.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I believe that this is a non-negotiable issue because it pertains to saving the life of a rider. I will agree that helmets can be uncomfortable when worn. It is hot, heavy, and tends to get smelly after a while. But it is that hot, heavy, and stinky piece of protective gear that always saves lives. Just like a seatbelt does in cars. Discomfort is a small price to pay if it means preserving your life in dire accident situations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The father of my best friend died in a motorcycle accident because he was not wearing his helmet. He had crashed his motorcycle into a car on the opposite side of the road when he lost control of the motorcycle. If only he were wearing the helmet, he would not have cracked his skull on the pavement when he hit the ground. He had no other injuries so he should have survived. The helmet spelled the difference.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Personally, I had an accident on my mountain bike a few months back. It flew right from under me during a rocky downhill ride in the mountains. I tumbled farther than my bike did but survived the fall with only a few bruises and deep cuts. The helmet I was wearing took most of the blow. It is all cracked now and I had to replace it. I still keep it displayed on my shelf as a conversation piece. To remind people I know of that share the same or similar activities about why it is important to wear a helmet.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   If lawmakers would only take the time to talk to the survivors of such accidents, they will come to realize why laws such as these are important and have to be implemented. The rising cost of gasoline should not mean the rising body count on our streets either.

Agents of Socialization Essay

The way a person develops and forms his/her unique personality, norms and beliefs in socialization. Socialization is the process in which an individual learns to participate in a group, it’s obvious that different people will be different because not every person is raised under the exact circumstances. Many agents influence the way a person develops. Some of the most predominant factors are the family the person is raised is, where they the person is educated, like school or home- school, the peer group the individual belongs to and all types of media the person is exposed to. In this essay I will discuss how these agents affected me when I was growing up and how they still affect me. The biggest agent that affected me was my family. When I was little, my family taught me a lot of the things I know today, without these essentials. Things like being polite and table etiquette. If I was raised by another family, one which didn’t pay attention to manners, I would have gro wn up to be a lot different. I would have been a savage person and might not have been able to fit it because I would have been rude and impolite. To this day, my family still contribute to how I grow up to be, by encouraging me and helping me when I need help. When children are going up, they go through stages where they develop how to trust and depend on people, If they do not pass that stage or stay in it too long they would wind up being insecure when they grow up and they won’t trust people. This is why I think the family is the most important agent of socialization because it basically determines how a person will grow up being from the very beginning, more so than the other agents. The next agents which I think is worth writing about next is peer group socialization. My circle of friends, or my peer groups are some of the people that I’ve known since I started school. I’ve known them for years and years. My peer group has taught me things I wouldn’t have been able to learn on my own, like how to make new friends, being a good team player and just being able to do something cooperatively with s omeone else. My peer group also helped me shape my personality and how I behave. Because most of my friends are well behaved, I grew up not being mischievous and naughty because I didn’t see my group of friends doing that so there was no reason that I should. Other circles of friends that I have also shaped my outlook on life by giving me different points of view and new ways of looking at and dealing with issues. Without my socialization with peer groups I wouldn’t have had anyone to look up to and say this is good or bad, I would just end up copying everything my family does which would just make me old fashioned. The next agent of socialization which relates to the last agents is where I’m educated. I go to a normal school like most of the people I know. Going to a normal school, and interacting with people of all ages and seniority levels, like teachers, principals and matrons has helped me develop my socialization skills by talking to a wide variety of people and not just interacting with a few people like people who are home-schooled. People who are home-schooled definitely aren’t as socialized as people who go to school every day are because they don’t speak to a lot of people, so most of them tend to be socially awkward. There’s also the aspect of how schools have rules and regulations that students have to abide by life dress code, the concept of due dates and how and when to speak. Rules like these are what made me socialized and civilized. If I was home-schooled instead, I would have been an outcast because I didn’t act like everyone else did. Then of course there’s the aspect that some people don’t even go to school, so they aren’t socialized at all because interact with others. If you were to talk with someone who didn’t go to school, you would instantly notice how different he is. The last agent of socialization is the media the person is exposed to, I personally don’t think I was affected by media at all. Media didn’t have a big impact on me when I was growing up, I did however learn a lot of things from watching movies like how to act when I’m in different places and situations. Media has also affected my judgment of who to look up to as a role model. When I think of someone who wasn’t exposed to media while he was growing up, I don’t imagine he would be different from everybody else. He would just have difficulty fitting in because most of the subjects people talk about are about media and entertainment, but in the end it wouldn’t be too bad. As you can see from the order in which I have the agents in, I believe that the family had the most impact on me while I was growing up, followed by the peer group he belongs to, followed by where he is educated and then lastly followed by mass media and entertainment. The change and variety of each of these four agents is what leads to people having different personalities, values, norms and social interactions. These four agents could be considered the pillars of socialization because without them an individual wouldn’t fit in with society and would just act strange compared to other people.

Eveline by James Joyce

Essay 2 Leaving the only â€Å"home† that one has ever known can be very emotional, especially when you hold so many memories and have established a routine of life in that home. Many say â€Å"live life to the fullest,† yet they come up with excuse after excuse that holds them from leaving. They feel as if they can’t make this decision on their own. Trying to find the meaning of life and making attempts to discover the reason why they were put on this Earth is hard enough. Every day one lives new experiences that we hope will one day lead us to our destined future.Yet, for so many, not knowing where to begin keeps them from moving forward. Reminiscing on the memories created in our home; thinking about how much those memories have faded, and will eventually disappears if they are to leave that home. Being attached to the environment that one is used to or the routine of life holds one back from what the future could hold. Even when given the key to escape, think ing too hard makes one doubt their ability to adapt to a new environment. â€Å"What if’s? † and breaking that routine of life gives one fear of failure, not â€Å"making it† once leaving the environment.Feeling stuck in trying to find meaning of life makes it easier to come up with excuses to stay in the routine in which one is accustomed to. This is true because it is what happened to Eve line in â€Å"Eve line† by James Joyce from Ireland during the early 20th century. No matter how many times Eve line sits and thinks about moving forward, and living new experiences, she was stuck in her past and thinking about it so much does not let her move on and travel to break out of her routine and bad habits. Joyce does an excellent job illustrating Eveline’s decision making process with language and symbols throughout the short story.He begins by telling us where Eve line is sitting in her home â€Å"at the window watching the evening invade the avenue † as she smells the â€Å"odor of dusty cretonne† letting readers know that it was a particular aroma that he had to describe. As she is looking out she begins to reminisce on the memories that she still has of the big open field where all the children of the avenue used to go out and play when she was younger. Joyce choice of character names for those children’s families (the Devines, the Water, and the Dunnes) helps the reader picture them as very friendly neighbors who Eve line almost saw as family.The name â€Å"Eve line† is another clear symbol that the author makes in the story comparing the main character to â€Å"Eve† from the â€Å"Adam and Eve’s† biblical story where â€Å"Eve† is confronted by the serpent or â€Å"Satan† just like Eve line was always confronted by her father out in the field or the â€Å"Garden of Eden† as the biblical story goes. Eve line believed that her father â€Å"wasn’t so bad then† and that she used to be â€Å"happy† then but now everything was different. Joyce reminds the reader many times that Eveline’s mother isn’t alive any more, letting the reader know that Eve line still lamented this loss so much.One of the â€Å"Dunn’s† had also passed now and â€Å"the Waters† had moved back to England. She didn’t want to be another person who just left her â€Å"home† full of those memories of the past. Joyce repeats the word â€Å"Home! † and emphasizes it using an exclamation point as if Eve line was reminding herself that it was the only home she knew. Eve line reminisces on the smallest details of her home, like â€Å"the objects she had dusted once a week for so many years† and the â€Å"yellowing photograph hung on the wall† which her used to always pass and quotes his exact words â€Å"†He is in Melbourne now. † The picture was above the broken harmonium and beside the â€Å"print of the promises made to Blessed Margaret Mary Alacoque. † Margaret Mary Alacoque is a Saint of the Roman Catholic Church who was very popular in Ireland during the early 20th century. The broken harmonium is another symbol that Joyce uses to connect the reader to the â€Å"broken† environment of her home and of Ireland in general. With all the memories Eve line holds of her home she had still â€Å"consented with Frank to leave with him and leave it all behind. Eve line begins to really doubt her self.Her mind is spinning and not knowing if her decision was wise. She would break her routine of working hard at home and at work. She was only 19; she begins thinking about what everyone else would say about her. She imagined everyone at her job would think she â€Å"had run off with a fellow† and would stir up all kind of lies and rumors. Still undecided Eve line begins to build a fantasy of â€Å"Buenos Ayres† which is where Fran k has promised to take her. She imagines being a married woman, treated with respect and not the way she was treated at home by the father.Joyce makes it clear to the reader that Eve line is terrified of her father, he would still â€Å"threaten her and say he would do it for her dead mother’s sake. † Eve line has no one to make her feel safe from him. Ernest her brother was dead, and her other brother Harry was in â€Å"the church decorating business† and was never home. She had too much responsibility in her home and no one to help her with it all. Her father never helped out with money and the â€Å"[children] left to her charge did not make her life any easier.With all this she still didn’t find it a â€Å"wholly undesirable life† writes Joyce indicating that Eve line is still hesitant of leaving with Frank. Joyce describes Frank as a â€Å"very kind, manly, open hearted† guy who Eve line saw as the only person who could protect her fro m her father. He tells her they will go on the â€Å"night-boat† and that she will be â€Å"his wife† in â€Å"Buenos Ayres† where â€Å"he already had a home waiting for her. † Joyce shows how naive Eve line is being about Frank. She had met him not too long ago and had gone out with him a couple times.He had given her a nickname, Poppens, and met her outside of work every evening. Frank had many â€Å"tales† about the places he had sailed to all around the world and explains how he had â€Å"fallen on his feet to Buenos Ayres. † Although Eve line didn’t see any of Franks flaws Joyce does use language to prove that Franks intention’s with Eve line may not have been good one’s considering that during that time Buenos Aires, Argentina was well known for its sexual trafficking. Her father finds out about the relationship and forbid Eve line to keep seeing Frank calling him a â€Å"sailor Chap. Joyce brings the reader back to the present and gives more excuses for Eve line not to leave her home. She held two letters on her lap, one to Harry and one to her father, she noticed her father becoming old and thought that he would probably miss her, she reminisced on the moments which her father was nice. Joyce illustrates Eve line still sitting on the couch, having just moments left to make her decision. She the odor of â€Å"dusty cretonne† returns and she begins to â€Å"hear a street organ play† just as she did the night of her mother’s death and the promise that she had made to her mother.She promised her mother to â€Å"keep the home together as long as she could. † Most of all it reminded her of the life her mother had lived, â€Å"that life of commonplace sacrifices closing in on final craziness. † She wanted to break that cycle that her mother had. She wants to escape that life and believe that â€Å"Frank would save her [,] give her life, perhaps love, too. â₠¬  Joyce exposes to the reader that Eve line is aware that Frank doesn’t love her and if she leaves with him there is a chance that things do not work out between them.Upon arriving to the station Eve line looks around examining everything around her. She is still isn’t sure if she is getting on that boat. †She prayed to God to direct her† she wanted to know what she â€Å"was her duty. † At that moment the boat blew â€Å"a long mournful whistle. † Eveline’s decision is determined by of the â€Å"mournful sound. † She thinks about â€Å"tomorrow† how she would break out of her routine if she leaves with Frank. Eve line chooses to stay home. â€Å"Her eyes give [Frank] no sign of love, farewell or recognition†

Computer technology provides learning opportunities for disabled Essay

The rise of online schools or universities paved way for the demand of online and digital materials to facilitate the teaching-learning process. This year, Pearson has contributed to the development of online learning by releasing a program called the Universal Design for Computer-Based Testing Guidelines. In line with universal efforts from members of the academic institution to make learning and education accessible to all, the computer-based testing program was developed in order to allow students to access resources on evaluation, most importantly those with disabilities or handicaps. The project was also supported by the principle in education proving that students learn more efficiently when evaluation or assessment is integrated into the teaching-learning process. This issue appeals to the responsibility of people and organizations working within the computer and technology industry to contribute to the advancement of other areas or fields including education. The introduction of the Universal Design for Computer-Based Testing Guidelines paves way to the improvement of digital instruction that has become prevalent these days. In this way, computer technology not only contributes to the advancement of education but also to the universal accomplishment of efforts concerning equal access to education. Ultimately, this relates to society because it also concerns the right to education. However, I believe the most important thing aside from the existence and development of technologies that facilities widespread access to education is the dissemination of information that would allow numerous people to learn of the available avenues and opportunities for them to afford education. Pearson’s taking advantage of knowledge and information on computer-based evaluation or assessment is an important step in achieving this purpose. Kostek, J. (2009). Guidelines Introducing Making Computer-Based Testing More Accessible. Retrieved 19 Jul 2009, from Technology Marketing Corporation. Website: http://education. tmcnet. com/topics/education/articles/58497-guidelines-introduced-making-computer-based-testing-more-accessible. htm Computer Technology: Last Chance for Heath Care? Due to health crisis in the United States, the government is looking into the possibility of utilizing computer technology in order to resolve the problem. The national government, even before Barack Obama’s administration, has been trying to alleviate problems regarding health care to no avail. The United States government feels that the time has come to take advantage and capitalize on the availability of technology in order to offer a solution to the dreaded health crisis. UnitedHealth Group, an organization that handles health insurance in the country, has established a partnership with Cisco Systems, a leading company in the industry of technology. The two organizations have endorsed telemedicine as a means to address the health care situation in the country. Ultimately, the program targets populations that do not have access to health care, specifically those in remote areas with limited available services. This relates to the benefits and contributions of computer technology not only to the field of health and medicine, but also to the development of public policies and the improvement of good governance. The product of technology and its fusion with another industry or field of study, which in this case is telemedicine, proves the importance of expanding society’s views and perspectives on technology as an individual or independent subject or discipline. Through the efforts of the United States government in searching for the most efficient means to resolve the health crisis, the value and contributions of computer technology to the health and wellbeing of the nation’s citizens have been discovered. In addition, the implementation of telemedicine in the country would serve as models or examples to other nations experiencing the same kind of crisis. In this scenario, expanding the limitations of computer technology is necessity for the development of other fields. Reardon, M. (2009). Are the Stars Aligning for Telemedicine’s Success?. Retrieved 20 Jul 2009, from CBS Interactive Inc. Website: http://news. cnet. com/8301-1001_3-10290067-92. html Outsourcing: Increasing Employment Opportunities Due to the global economic crisis, business organizations around the world, including outsourcing companies are expected to lay low and exhibit a downturn on their performance and productivity rates, thus, leading to the increase in unemployment rates. However, the business process outsourcing sector refused to let the current economic crisis slow down the industry. In fact, the industry is expecting that despite global recession, the business process outsourcing sector will still be able to increase the number of jobs in domestic areas wherein work tasks and responsibilities are being outsourced. The role of computer technology in making business process outsourcing possible relates to its contribution to society in terms of the increase in the availability of jobs. The existence of networking capabilities and wireless technology that facilitate communication and help human beings accomplish work tasks more efficiently is the primary reason why large organizations or corporations decided to outsource. Therefore, in a way, even if the increase in jobs in the sector of business process outsourcing does not directly relate to the structure and dynamics of computer technology, the important thing to remember is that computer technology facilitates business process outsourcing. Consequently, the existence of business process outsourcing opens up employment opportunities, especially to individuals in developing nations. In this way, computer technology carries out its responsibility to society by becoming an instrument in the creation employment opportunities. In addition, outsourcing helps the economies of other nations prosper through the influx of remittances from the country wherein the main office of the company is located to other countries who host business process outsourcing. Ferriols, D. (2009). Business Process Outsourcing Sector Expect Increase in Jobs this Year. Retrieved 20 Jul 2009, from The Philippine Star. Website: http://www. philstar. com/Article. aspx? articleid=445862.