Marketing Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Marketing - Coursework Example In addition, it involves high initial cost since it needs the support of skilled faculties and well designed marketing charts. The application of scientifically developed questionnaires would assist the marketing team to reduce the errors to some extent. It is also discovered that an efficient market planning program would help the marketers to bring the associated costs within the framed budget. Ford Edsel, New Coke, and Beta Max Video are the three products whose adoption rates have been affected by factors like compatibility, relative advantage, and trialability. Economists have opined that the failure of Ford Edsel can be attributed to issues associated with adoption rates which arose from the factors of relative advantage and compatibility. It had not any attractive features more than other models of the ford. Similarly, the adoption rate of New Coke, a product of Coca-Cola has been affected by compatibility and trialability. It failed to assess customers’ interests. The feature of relative advantage negatively affected Beta Max Video, a subsidiary product of Sony. It had possessed almost similar features as that of the previous model U-matic.

Free movement of person in EU law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Free movement of person in EU law - Essay Example The European Union headquarters is in Brussels, Belgium. European Union law is the unique legal system which operates alongside the laws of Member States and overrides national law in many areas especially in terms of economic and social policy . EU is not a federal government, nor it is intergovernmental organization. The European Union (EU) was established in 1993 by the 12 nations of the European Community. The EU works toward better political and economic integration and cooperation between member nations. Austria, Finland, and Sweden joined the EU in 1994 (Encarta,2003). The European Union was formally established on November 1, 1993. It is the most recent in a series of European cooperative organizations that originated with the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) of 1951, which became the European Community (EC) in 1967. The members of the EC were Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Portugal, the United Kingdom, and Spain. In 1991 the governments of the 12 member states signed the Treaty on European Union (commonly called the Maastricht Treaty), which was then ratified by the national legislatures of all the member countries. The Maastricht Treaty transformed the EC into the EU. In 1994 Austria, Finland, and Sweden joined the EU, bringing the total membership to 15 nations, (Encarta,2003). The EU has a number ... With the exception of EMU, which went into effect in 1999, progress toward these goals has been erratic. The EU's ability to achieve its goals has been limited by disagreements among member states, external political and economic problems, and pressure for membership from the new democracies of Eastern Europe,(Encarta,2003).. EU Law is composed of three pillar structure based on different treaty namely: 1. Treaty of the European Communities signed in Rome 1957 deals with the law concerning social rights and economic foundations of the single market. It is considered as the oldest and the most important pillars where European Community (EC) law originated. 2. Treaty of European Union (The Maastricht Treaty,1992) which involve Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) and; 3. Police and Judicial Co-operation in Criminal Matters (formerly 'Justice and Home Affairs') That European Community (EC) Law represents the firts pillar of EU Law. Community Law is the law of the member states of the European Union (EU), as adopted by the Union's Council of Ministers. The European Court of Justice interprets and applies EU law. Community law forms part of the law of states and prevails over national law (Encarta, 2003). In July 1967 the three organizations (the EEC, the ECSC, and Euratom) fully merged as the European Community (EC). The basic economic features of the EEC treaty were gradually implemented, and in 1968 all tariffs between member states were eliminated. No progress was made on enlargement of the EC or on any other new proposals, however, until after De Gaulle resigned as president of France in May 1969. The next French president, Georges Pompidou, was more open to new

Implementation of the Intervention Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Implementation of the Intervention - Essay Example This has made cancer a topic of discussion at all social institutions: religion, education, political and also at home. Cancer, been a health issue, needs an intervention program that will help to reduce the number of deaths that occur annually. Most people come to learn of their cancer disease when it is too late as they are unaware of the signs and symptoms of the disease and have no access to the right medical services. There is therefore the need for cancer awareness to be raised all over the world, especially to the people living in marginalized areas (DeVita 23). This intervention is a primary level intervention and it needs support from all groups including the government, health care centers and non-governmental agencies. The government should take first priority in creating cancer awareness all over the country. It should work in hand with health centers to learn on the regions that need quick intervention and ways that can be used to educate them about the disease. Non-governmental agencies should also take up their role as advocates for the people who do not have the required information about cancer. DeVita, V. T., Lawrence, T. S., & Rosenberg, S. A. Cancer: Principles & practice of oncology: annual advances in oncology. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Health. 2011.Bottom of

Two Techniqyes in Hospitals Laboratory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Two Techniqyes in Hospitals Laboratory - Essay Example This paper summarizes each of these methods and provides examples of their relevance to biomedical research and clinical medicine. Flow Cytometry Analytical flow cytometry (AFC) is used to assess the biochemical composition of cells using an optical scanner in the assessment of individual cells as they are screened individually at a rapid rate (approximately 100 cells per second) through an optical scanner (Boddy et al 2001; Givan 2001). This methodology permits quantitative measurements of molecular components within each cell individually (Davey & Kell 1996; Givan 2001). An important medical use of AFC is the identification of specific strains of infectious bacteria in infected cells obtained from patient biopsy (Boddy et al 2001). Once the pathogen is identified, AFC is also used in therapeutic assessment of antibiotics on the clinical course of infection by examining patient cells by AFC post-treatment. In this regard, AFC is an important biomedical tool in the assessment of para meters of clinical sensitivity and resistance of specific bacterial strains to specific therapeutic regimens (Davey & Kell, 1996). In addition, AFC can be used to measure the cellular DNA and protein concentration and the activity of specific enzymes (Roederer 2001). The capability of AFC to assess molecular content within individual cells involves the use of fluorescence measurements to characterize the biochemical components of cells. In this technique, fluorescent probes are applied to specific cell molecules which are then assessed via the detection of optical excitation patterns emitted by these optically labeled cell components. (Shapiro 2003). These optical excitation patterns emitted by the fluorescently labeled cell components can be used to pinpoint specific types of molecules and to quantitate their concentrations within the cell (Shapiro 2003). This accuracy is facilitated by the standardization of controlled flow by means of hydrodynamic focusing methods (Shapiro 2003). Further analytical sophistication can be achieved by the use of multiple optical beams and two channel detectors to detect two different cellular signals at the same time in the same scan while providing a high sensitivity (Zhong et al 2005). Labeled nanoparticles are also be utilized as probes in the molecular assessment of cell composition (Zhong et al 2005). In addition to biochemical composition, AFC can be used to assess cell proliferation by means of accurately identifying cell cycle composition of dividing mitotic cells. This assessment can be carried out in individual cells (Pozaroski & Darzynkiewicz 2004). This method requires the DNA binding dye propidium iodide (Shapiro 2003). DNA and protein content can be assessed simultaneously in individual cells by means of bivariate analysis and comparisons between normal cells and tumor cells (Pozaroski & Darzynkiewicz 2004). This technique also permits the evaluation of cell viability on an individual basis and can distinguish ce ll death resulting from apoptosis versus necrotic mechanisms (Bertho et al 2000). Apoptosis results in a characteristic cell fragmentation into small apoptotic bodies containing fragmented DNA segments; this process can be detected by AFC and distinguished from plasma membrane degradation which is characteristic of necrotic cell death mechanisms. Cell viability measurements are an important component of disease assessment with regard to the identification of pathogenic mechanisms that may cause cell

Marketing for Financial Services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing for Financial Services - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that Bank AlJazira has launched a new innovative â€Å"Tomouh† programme for a niche community that’s the female Saudi students. Our innovative programme is customised to fulfill all banking and financial needs of students. While studying in schools and colleges, immersed in the task of gaining knowledge for building a strong career, students don’t find any time left to fulfill your banking and investment needs, which our bank, the Bank AlJazira, has recognized well in time particularly for our female students in Saudi Arabia. The need for developing the â€Å"Tomouh† programme has been felt by the bank as our other products don’t satisfy the time schedules of our Saudi students who are very busy and are unable to avail the benefits because of their involvement with scholarship pursuits at their schools and colleges. Students can well imagine the frustration it may cause when the last date of submitting th e fees expires because there are no funds available in their pockets. It could be due to their spendthrift nature or lack of managing their finances. Bank AlJazira is offering a customised programme i.e. â€Å"Tomouh†, which will serve all their instant financial needs. Tomouh "6oumou7" programme is formulated for our Saudi Youth between the age-group of 15-24 years old. They are our star customers availing the privileges of modern Islamic banking services offered by Bank AlJazira. We need to develop a marketing strategy on this programme, the product and services of the programme. Students are our primary marketing sources to know directly from them their response to our new product. We need to organize meetings with the female student community to acquaint them with the features of the product such as uninterrupted access to the bank 24 hours a day without bunking classes! It is possible two-ways – either through our telephone banking services or our online services that students can access from anywhere whether in college, school, home or sitting and passing free time in the canteen. The best part of becoming a customer of Bank AlJazira female customers is that they can remain updated on each and every transaction and that too with total privacy and comfort of operation. Our marketing slogan should advertise our product’s compatibility with the Islamic Sharia Law (Bank AlJazira 2011). The Objective of the Marketing Plan for Financial Services T he objective of our marketing plan is to know the response of the students, how they would react to our novel â€Å"Tomouh† programme as the idea of offering a saving account to the student community has not been availed by other financial organisations in Saudi Arabia. It means our Tomouh programme should not face competition from other financial companies. We should not delay our marketing tactics to impress upon students the needs of managing their financial portfolios and initiate our marketing programmes by meeting female students through seminars for creating awareness on opening saving accounts while studying in schools and colleges so that students take time to fulfill the account opening formalities as soon as possible. We should focus on the feature of customised services being offered to the Saudi students. How they can add or snap any functionality of holding a student saving account that also provides investment solutions to their saved money at Bank AlJazira. If students feel that their spendthrift nature holds them back from saving funds, they can simply deposit their cash in their saving accounts so that when they are in dire need of it, they can withdraw funds to fulfill that need. We need to plan our marketing strategy by allaying the fears in the minds of students that they won’t be crossing the line of Islamic Sharia Law by opening a saving account in our bank. We should convince them that the purpose of the Bank AlJazira behind such an initiative is more social in nature by serving the

Strategy for Mobinil Essay Example for Free

Strategy for Mobinil Essay 1. Given all the changes in the branding strategy for Mobinil over the years, has the Mobinil brand conveyed a consistent meaning to customers? Is this a benefit or detriment as the mobile service provider business moves forward in Egypt with the entry of Etisalat and Vodafone? In my opinion, Mobinil has conveyed a consistent meaning to customers because even after years of existing, they still focus on their main mission – providing reliable and simple services that increase interaction and improve communication. I believe that entry of Etisalat and Vodafone was a benefit, because even though Mobinil was not a monopoly anymore, it still could learn from competitors and improve their service to satisfy customers’ needs. Mobinil does researches to be aware of competitors’ strengths and weaknesses that help the company to stay successful. 2. What is Mobinil selling? What are customers really buying? Mobinil is selling mobile devices and services. Customers are buying ability to communicate and on-the-go connectivity – core product. They are buying mobile devices and services – actual product. While buying mobile devices, people also get warranties and instructions that help them with using the device – augmented product. 3. Will the many reasons for Mobinil’s success continue to work with the increasing presence of Vodafone and Etisalat? Why or why not? In my opinion Mobinil will still be successful because the company always does researches to know what competitors are doing, so they can provide better service for their customers. Mobinil now is the leader for mobile services in Egypt and I believe they will continue to improve their work because of their successful marketing strategy and customers’ loyalty. 4. What futuristic strategic recommendations would you make to the Mobinil brand managers? Try to meet customer expectations and reach the desired level of excellence. Mobinil should also make more agreements with networks in

Risk Management For Huawei

Risk Management For Huawei HUAWEI is a well known company Providing Telecommunication business all over the world but risks cannot be ignored. The Purpose of this manual is to provide suggestion to handle the risks in the company functional areas The manual can be helpful in identifying the efficiency of the risk management system. Also can be beneficial in less attention risk areas. It will use the standards, policy and strategy of Huawei to identify the tools of the risk management system. The risk management should be parallel activity and must be well documented.For easy understanding the risk management system is divided in three Stages. Stage 1 Development of Strategy and vision for the risk management system with clear goals. This is beneficial for the awareness of the company employees. The engagement of the employees will increase the success of risk management. Risk aware culture will improve and work better of Risk management. This stage included the planning, roles and responsibilities, communication, resources and training of having level. Stage 2In stage2 the proposal for various areas are considered in risk management, which identify the responsibility of individual area and various kind of training is needed, a campaign should be create among the employes regarding risk management. Industry and market risk: Business: customer and market, product and innovation Operational risks: including Safety systems, Environmental risks, Human reliability, Organizational risk Financial risks: the risk associated to any form of finance (credit, market) Stage 3 In stage 3 identification of the process and the way of application in each individual area and the way to interwork build the process of risk management. Risk Identification: Manual in practical Statistics as input Risk Assessment:In the culture of the company the information about the risk management should be important part. Risk Response and Risk control. Proper Training of Risk analysis. To identify the need of training for the people whose responsibility is coordinating and implementing the risk management. The manual does not give direction for each area specifically, but will be the general guidance to need of implementation of risk management The responsible person in each area wil analyze and detailed knowledge That will make risk management successful. Competency Policy in Risk Analysis An organization may use a numerous methods and technique when risk mapping is implement . For risk analysis, there are a wide range of techniques used: HAZOP/HAZAN/FMEA/FTA Studies Statistical analysis of past incidents Consequence modeling Risk level Comprehensive Quantitative Risk Assessments Monte Carlo simulations Determination of individual/societal risks Determination of environmental risks In the light of the above manual personnel in the organization will have required experience for the described techniques. The policy will include evaluating the competence strength and weakness of the skills. It will also identify and shape the risks which apply to different people working in various departments.The realization of sophisticated methods used by experts. Creation of risk mitigation along with control plan with the option of implimintation. The input should be provided for the development of organization risk management system. Authorization of Risk Traning. The Managers working with other departments should be responsible for traning.Approval should be made by top management and ensure of the planning. .Relation to the market with competence considerations. Operational risks The risk factors may be caused due to deliveries and financial situation on the supplies side.one of the factor is long term dependency to supplier. Safety Regulations should be implemented. Production risk Risk Analysis Requirements Supplier risk Information Risk. Financial Risk. The Hauwei has made efforts to control Risks in its acatvities.Due to the expansion of the company internationally, new partners are entered and IT dependency increases new risks are created. Huawei has been affected due to currency inflation in the market. To mitigate these kind of risk arises from foreign currency exchange Huawei use cash equivalents, financial receivables, debt of short and long term. Types of Financial Risk Change in Currency conversion rate Interest rates Assets lost Economical risk . Management ReviewTo see status of the project and resource allocation management review is done. The analysis results of audits, preventive and corrective actions is done by management rivew.Due to management review some decisions can be made like increase resources:Imrovement in risk management process,machines,manpower etc The information management system can be introduced and be the out put for management review. . Some methods we can use: SWOT This technique is used on finding strength, weaknesses, opportunity and threats and then analysis of risk on the basis of our finding. In Huawei we keep on conduct SWOT analysis which can help in identifying and managing of risk.. Breakdown: Risk in break down is of great importance and should be checked regularly and preventive measure should be taken to minimize. Product Liabilities: liability like people must be kept into deliberation. Accept Risk Some of the risk may be of low importance and just accept without removing.The significant business risk may be formal and must be decided by senior managers. Avoid Risk Avoidance risk is to change business practices and no more exposed to specific risk. Transfer Risk To share some of the risk with other is called transfer risk we can take Insurance policy as a example. Risk management organizational levels Each member of the organization has to play a role in management system control,as it is the process dependent on the people.The role of individual people in risk control varies in organization .The most top management should define the rules for risk management and control.every body in the organization should have responsibility of controlling the risk. COMPTENCE ANALYSIS: Competence analysis in an organization can be done by interviewing the individuals or the teams and asses what needs to be done to improve the situation in order to minimize the risk of failure. In order to understand competence analysis we have to describe the level of competence so that we could compare the risks involved in different areas of the organization.A target framework derived from business strategies, plans, objectives and targets.Analysis of strategic requirements, gathered from the obtained framework. Covering all aspects of changes required regarding to that framework. Strategic, critical,declining and core competencies. Level of competence is different in different areas of an organization, depending upon the roles and responsibilities of the employees. We can make a competency model by dividing the organization into teams depending on their ability, experience and skills with more focus in the risk management area. In this way we will be able to see the important competencies in different departments. We split the competence levels into the following three: Low Medium High COMPETENCE MAPPING: Competence mapping is the process from which we can asses and determine the strength of workforce of employees to avoid any kind of risks. The employees play an important role in the success and development of an organization.We can use the competence mapping to identify the knowledge of the employees in risk management and then fill the gaps with the training. Competence mapping is a chart that shows the specification level. The present competence level and required level is marked in the chart with the diversified lines. The gap between the lines points out the required developments that must be addressed in the competence development plan. When the competence levels are evaluated, the competence mapping can be drawn. COMPETENCE GAPS: It is essential to define the competence gaps of the employers; because the performance of the employers depends in large part of skills of the employers. It is also very important for many organizations to define which skills, that the employers must have, are necessary for that particular area of the organization.Analyzing the Competence gap help us to identify which competence in risk management is needed for each employee. We can identify these gaps by comparing the current situation of the workforce and our future needs. If we have a rating between Current Requirements and Future Requirements and it is larger than the Competency that we posses that means we have a competency gap. This helps them improve and provide an environment for the implementation of risk management system. PLANNING FOR IMPROVED COMPETENCE SHORT RANGE AND LONGRANGE Risk management can not be seen as one time project, it has to improved and followed up all time. It is needed a plan for the improvement of the competence in order to make it works. Also it is very important to have a plan for improving the competence in a short and long range. After the evaluation of the risk management knowledge of the employees, the plan for the competence training short range will be developed. Once the competence gaps are found out, here are the required basic steps that must befollowed in order to develop a plan to overcome those gaps and to improve the competencies. Finding out the key skills required by the organization Evaluate the personals: To evaluating the personals and examine their levels in each of the relevant competencies. Requesting a feedback from stakeholders, colleagues and managers. Ordering and prioritizing the gaps: When it comes to focusing on closing the gaps, risk management department should choose the best option or way to cope it. It could beanother training class or a session with subject matters, reading for self-improvement subjects etc. Controlling the progress: The final step for the overcoming the competence gaps and improving them process should be monitoring the process that the risk department or committee have taken to increase the personnels competence levels. Once the committee is convinced that the target level for the personals is reached, they can close and improve the gap and move to the next priority area. IMPLEMENTATION PLAN FOR THE COMPETENCE TRAINING IN RISK ANALYSIS SYSTEM Since the word competence is quite important for the job performance, the role of managers to do the planning and implementation of training process is very critical. So, they should be very careful before and during the training process, since their misunderstandings could lead up the unexpected risks.Creating a training material is important to be ensure that this training is delivered to the right personnel at the right time.It is undeniable that using competency training and competency assessment provide theorganization to reduce risk and to improve performance by developing competency frameworks. Below, there are rules that should be taken into account when creating or implementing a competence training system in a risk analysis system; It is important for employees to be able to actualize their performance what they have learned during the training process and to be encouraged to apply their thoughts and opinions into the real case. This will allow them to be clear and be more precise while they identify, evaluate and analyzing the risk. It is clear that competence training is used within the risk analysis system of an organization in order to increase efficiency of employees current job performance.Competence training system should be well integrated to risk analysis system so that the attendances are active participants and able to create solutions to reduce the risk of the organization during and after the training system.A risk analysis system can be well done by applying the competence training to risk committee.This can provide the employers a better understanding and gives some real ideas in the field of risk management. PLANS FOR SECURING THE COMPETENCE NEEDED There is a need of reviewing the strategy for securing the competence needed, A plan for spreading the information within the company has to be reviewed all the time through the internal trainings, job rotation, documenting all the work done from consultants working in the different areas and spreading the culture of sharing knowledge among the employees. The risk manager has to be working very close to the managers of each area to identify the key persons and not allowing that a gap occurs when the person leaves the company, jeopardizing the projects and products quality Securing the competencies for an organization can be guided by an integration approach that is measured by the organizations strategy. As an instance, for an organization, in order to secure the necessary competencies, some actions can be taken such as developing and involving new skills and competence in the right place and right time.Enriching the value of expertise of the organization by clearly identifying the strategicareas.Additional training for the development by ordering and prioritizing the training programs.After the competence are determined, identifying a competence development plan byutilizing from career planning, experts opinion, guidance for recruitment etc. EVALUATION OF TRAINING RESULTS The evaluation of the trainings demonstrates that if this training has a positive or negative or no impact on the risk area.After defining the risk areas and objectives in these risk areas, these objectives can be evaluated by using a post-training evaluation form. About the content, methods, materials and delivery of the training, the participants opinions can be asked and they can asked to ratetheir satisfactions about these titles. After gathering these risk evaluation forms andparticipants opinions, the training workshops about risk areas can be revised and performed again. In order to evaluate the impact of the training on defined risk areas, an impact monitoring exercise can be performed. This can involve sampling from random trainersevaluations about these training. These evaluations can be a questionnaire which was fulfilled by participants about the trainings. AUDIT OF THE COMPETENCE SYSTEM To audit the competence of the system, the standards, guidelines and procedures should be identified. Standards determine compulsory requirements for auditing and reporting. They can be auditors skills, knowledge or experience, etc. Also the auditors should use professional judgments in their application. The aim of guidelines is to explain how to obey the auditing standards. Apart from these standards, guidelines and procedures, an auditor would be going in search of addressing these issues to audit an organizations compliance with the competence.The organization should evaluate the impressiveness of activities taken to meet competence needs and to make certain the needed competence has been gathered.The organization can use many kinds of techniques and tools like role-play,observation, reviews of trainings and employment records, interviews, etc. for theevaluation method of effectiveness of activities.The organization should determine what competencies are needed by team performing work which affects quality.The auditor should determine the approach to define these competencies for organization.To control the quality characteristics of products or processes, the competent personnel should be assigned.The auditor may survey job descriptions, testing or official examination activities,records of management reviews, definitions of responsibilities and authorities, audit records, customer complains, process validation records, etc. to verify the competenceof personnel for the work. IMPROVEMENTS AND CORRECTIVE ACTIONS Improvement opportunities during an audit can be documented to make certain corrections.Also problems can be related with the specific compliance areas and business processes so that high risk areas can be identified easily.Corrective actions are steps which are taken to address existing non compliance and make improvements. These actions take care of actual problems which have been occurred. They define the cause of these problems and solve them by removing causes. These corrective actions can be defined as problem solving processes. Problem costs can be determined so that resources can be set aside to areas where the business would utilize them with best benefit. PREVENTIVE ACTIONS The organization should define the actions to remove the causes of potential non conformities in order to prevent their occurrence. These actions should be defined properly due to the effectiveness of potential problems. The process of preventive actions can be defined as :Define potential problems and their causes.Evaluate the requirement for preventive actions for these problems.Define and execute the action needed.Record the results of preventive action and review it.